Stabbed in the back? Mandated political representation and murders

Girard, Victoire

doi:10.1007/s00355-020-01294-8

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Brown and Chowdhury (2017) find, theoretically and empirically, that the increment of total effort under policies for leveling the playing field can be counterproductive because sabotage increases in presence of these policies. An even more disturbing consequence has been reported by Girard (2017). Using a difference-in-difference analysis, the author shows that the number of murder attempts against the lower-caste representatives in India significantly increases in the aftermath of the implementation of a caste-based electoral quota.…”

Section: Can Affirmative Action Induce Negative Reactions?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Heterogeneity, leveling the playing field, and affirmative action in contests

Chowdhury

Esteve-GonzÃ¡lez

Mukherjee³

2022

Southern Economic Journal

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The heterogeneous abilities of the players in various competitive contexts often lead to undesirable outcomes such as low effort provision, lack of diversity, and inequality. A range of policies are implemented to mitigate such issues by enforcing competitive balance, i.e., leveling the playing field. While a number of such policies are aimed at increasing competition, affirmative action (AA) policies are historically practiced in an ethical response to historical discrimination against particular social groups among winners. This survey summarizes the rapidly growing literature of contest theory on AA and other policies that level the playing field. Using a general theoretical structure, we outline research on player and contest designer behavior under a multitude of policy mechanisms; and discuss the theoretical, experimental, and empirical results in relation to some of the common debates surrounding AA.

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Section: Can Affirmative Action Induce Negative Reactions?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Heterogeneity, leveling the playing field, and affirmative action in contests

Chowdhury

Esteve-GonzÃ¡lez

Mukherjee³

2022

Southern Economic Journal

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“…We provide some of the first evidence for religious identity 4 and the first attempt to study how more equal representation in a competitive electoral process can influence conflict. Some studies examine crimes against women or low-caste sections of society (Iyer et al 2012;Iyer and Triyana 2022;Girard 2021), exploiting the implementation of quotas, but quotas can affect outcomes through channels other than changing leader identity, such as by stimulating in-group bias (Bhalotra et al 2023) or backlash (see e.g., the review in Clots-Figueras and Iyer forthcoming).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic conflict: the role of ethnic representation

Bhalotra¹,

Clots‐Figueras²,

Iyer³

2023

WIDER Working Paper

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The Economics of Identity and Conflict

Chowdhury¹

2021

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance

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Conflicts are a ubiquitous part of our life. One of the main reasons behind the initiation and escalation of conflict is the identity, or the sense of self, of the engaged parties. It is hence not surprising that there is a consistent area of academic literature that focuses on identity, conflict, and their interaction. This area models conflicts as contests and focuses on the theoretical, experimental, and empirical literature from economics, political science, and psychology. The theoretical literature investigates the behavioral aspects—such as preference and beliefs—to explain the reasons for and the effects of identity on human behavior. The theoretical literature also analyzes issues such as identity-dependent externality, endogenous choice of joining a group, and so on. The applied literature consists of laboratory and field experiments as well as empirical studies from the field. The experimental studies find that the salience of an identity can increase conflict in a field setting. Laboratory experiments show that whereas real identity indeed increases conflict, a mere classification does not do so. It is also observed that priming a majority–minority identity affects the conflict behavior of the majority, but not of the minority. Further investigations explain these results in terms of parochial altruism. The empirical literature in this area focuses on the various measures of identity, identity distribution, and other economic variables on conflict behavior. Religious polarization can explain conflict behavior better than linguistic differences. Moreover, polarization is a more significant determinants of conflict when the winners of the conflict enjoy a public good reward; but fractionalization is a better determinant when the winners enjoy a private good reward. As a whole, this area of literature is still emerging, and the theoretical literature can be extended to various avenues such as sabotage, affirmative action, intra-group conflict, and endogenous group formation. For empirical and experimental research, exploring new conflict resolution mechanisms, endogeneity between identity and conflict, and evaluating biological mechanisms for identity-related conflict will be of interest.

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Stabbed in the back? Mandated political representation and murders

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Heterogeneity, leveling the playing field, and affirmative action in contests

Heterogeneity, leveling the playing field, and affirmative action in contests

Ethnic conflict: the role of ethnic representation

The Economics of Identity and Conflict

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