Today the modern world is facing an unprecedented health crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic is putting extensive strain on health care systems, hospitals and medical workers worldwide.Epidemiological data are emerging that COVID-19 patients with cardiac risk factors or preexisting cardiac conditions are at increased risk for complications and mortality from COVID-19.As we just begin to understand the pathophysiology underlying the disease, the involvement of the heart, whether through direct myocardial infection and damage or due to cardiac complications, is already evident. Also, the current therapy for COVID-19 using anti-viral agents, (hydroxy)chloroquine and other off-label used medications is not without risk for cardiac side effects. Furthermore, the pandemic puts stress on the organization of cardiac health care, both for COVID-19 patients as well as for the acute and chronic care of cardiac patients in which patient as well as physician-related delays in treatment could potentially lead to harm.
Epidemiological data, are cardiac patients at higher risk?Is there a relation between cardiac risk factors or cardiac injury and the mortality risk in COVID-19? Early reports from China 1 indeed show markedly elevated mortality rates in patients with hypertension, diabetes and pre-existing coronary artery disease (up to 10-fold in the latter) compared to patients without underlying health conditions. In a recent report of Shi et al. 2 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China, presenting with elevated high-sensitive cardiac troponin I levels had a higher frequency of complications such as ARDS (58.5% vs. 14.7%) and acute kidney injury (8.5 vs. 0.3%), required more invasive mechanical ventilation (22% vs. 4.2%) and had a significant increase in in-hospital mortality than patients without cardiac injury (51.2% vs. 4.5%). The percentage of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with elevated troponins is in the range of 20-28% 2,3 and in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease with elevated troponins the mortality can be as high as 69.4%. 3 These data indicate that patients with cardiac
Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved risk factors or pre-existing coronary artery disease are at high risk during this COVID-19 pandemic and that cardiac injury is an important predictor of adverse outcomes.