St John's wort ( Hypericum perforatum ) products – an assessment of their authenticity and quality

Booker, Anthony; Agapouda, Anastasia; Frommenwiler, D; Scotti, Francesca; Reich, Eike; Heinrich, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.012

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…chinense has been thought to constitute a specific chemotype differing from the other subspecies. The previously found Chinese HP fingerprint (Frommenwiler et al, 2016; Booker et al, 2018) showcased three main features different from the EP and USP HPTLC standards and raw herbal material analyzed in those studies:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This has been achieved by analyzing samples from different countries across the world and comparing the data with those provided by the previous study conducted on the finished products available on the market (Booker et al, 2018).…”

Section: Aims and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What is the quality of the material currently available in different markets and how is this linked to the production of the materia prima and the subsequent value chains (Booker et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous investigations have revealed how the quality of food supplements (botanicals) is variable (Zheng and Navarro, 2015; Booker et al, 2016a,b; Barrella et al, 2017; Ruhsam and Hollingsworth, 2018), and studies conducted on the chemical quality of HP products showed problems specific to this species, (Frommenwiler et al, 2016; Booker et al, 2018), including strength and dosage inconsistencies and the presence of food dyes. A chemical pattern previously identified by Huck-Pezzei et al (2013) and Frommenwiler et al (2016) was initially labeled “Chinese HP” as it was almost only found in commercial products of Chinese origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Products – How Variable Is the Primary Material?

Scotti¹,

Löbel²,

Booker

et al. 2019

Front. Plant Sci.

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Background: Saint John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L., HP) is commonly registered in Europe under the THR scheme (Traditional Herbal Registration) or licensed as a medicine. Nonetheless unregulated medical products and food supplements are accessible through the internet which are often of poor quality. The species’ natural distribution stretches through large regions of Europe to China and four subspecies have been distinguished. When compared to the European Pharmacopoeia reference, the presence of additional compounds was linked to so-called Chinese HP.Aim: In order to obtain an integrated picture of the entire chemoprofile, the chemical composition of HP materia prima was studied using a combination of techniques well-established in the relevant industries. The impact of phytogeographic factors on the materia prima can shed light on whether the variability of the final products is strongly influenced by these factors of whether they relate to poor processing, adulteration, or other factors linked to the processing of the material.Methods: Eighty-six Hypericum samples (77 H. perforatum) were collected from 14 countries. Most were authenticated and harvested in the wild; others came as roughly ground material from commercial cultivations, markets and pharmacies. The samples were analyzed using HPTLC and 1H-NMR-based principal component analysis (PCA).Results and Discussion: Limited chemical variability was found. Nonetheless, the typical fingerprint of Chinese HP was observed in each specimen from China. Additional compounds were also detected in some samples collected in Spain. Rutin is not necessarily present in the crude material. The variability previously found in the marketed products can be ascribed only partially to the geographical origin of harvested material, but mainly to the plant part harvested, closely related to harvesting techniques, processing and probably time of harvest.Conclusion: HP can be sourced in a consistent composition (and thus quality) from different geographical sources. However, chemical variability needs to be accounted for when evaluating what is considered authentic good material. Therefore, the processing and good practice are all stages of primary importance, calling for a better (self-)regulation and quality assurance along the value chain of an herbal medical product or botanical.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Aims and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Products – How Variable Is the Primary Material?

Scotti¹,

Löbel²,

Booker

et al. 2019

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The presence of undeclared species is a common result in studies analysing TMs. In line with the results of chapter 7, recent studies found in the analysis of TMs that up to 98% of the species identified in TMs were not declared on the label [200,[314][315][316].…”

Section: Identification Of Endangered Speciessupporting

confidence: 79%

Next generation DNA sequencing based strategies; towards a new era for the traceability of endangered species and genetically modified organisms

Arulandhu¹

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Species identification using DNA barcodes has been widely adopted by forensic scientists as an effective molecular tool for tracking adulterations in food and for analysing samples from alleged wildlife crime incidents. DNA barcoding is an approach that involves sequencing of short DNA sequences from standardized regions and comparison to a reference database as a molecular diagnostic tool in species identification. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made towards developing DNA metabarcoding strategies, which involves Next-Generation Sequencing of DNA barcodes for the simultaneous detection of multiple species in complex samples. Metabarcoding strategies can be used in processed materials containing highly degraded DNA e.g. for the identification of endangered and hazardous species in traditional medicine. This review aims to provide insight into advances of plant and animal DNA barcoding and highlights current practices and recent developments for DNA metabarcoding of food and wildlife forensic samples from a practical point of view. Special emphasis is placed on new developments for identifying species listed in the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES) appendices for which reliable methods for species identification may signal and/or prevent illegal trade. Current technological developments and challenges of DNA metabarcoding for forensic scientists will be assessed in the light of stakeholders' needs.

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Depression and Anxiety Disorders

2021

The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry

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Depression is widely recognised as a major public health problem around the world. The basic principles of prescribing are described in this chapter, along with a summary of NICE guidance. This chapter concentrates on the use of antidepressants and offers advice on drug choice, dosing, switching strategies and sequencing of treatments. Management of treatment‐resistant depression has been informed by the STAR*D programme. The 2019 PANDA trial results support the prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants in a wider group of participants than previously thought, including those with mild to moderate symptoms who do not meet diagnostic criteria for depression or generalised anxiety disorder. Over the last two decades, ketamine, an uncompetitive N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate receptor antagonist and dissociative anaesthetic, has emerged as a novel and effective rapid‐acting antidepressant. Psychotic depression is an under‐identified disorder and may have a life‐time risk of up to 1%.

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St John's wort ( Hypericum perforatum ) products – an assessment of their authenticity and quality

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Products – How Variable Is the Primary Material?

St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) Products – How Variable Is the Primary Material?

Next generation DNA sequencing based strategies; towards a new era for the traceability of endangered species and genetically modified organisms

Depression and Anxiety Disorders

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