SRAP analysis of the genetic diversity of wild castor (Ricinus communis L.) in South China

Abstract

Castor bean is an important seed oil crop. Castor oil is a highly demanded oil for several industrial uses. Currently, castor bean varieties suffer from low productivity and high risk of insect pests and diseases. It is in urgent need to mine elite genes from wild materials for castor breeding. 29 pairs of polymorphic SRAP primers out of 361 pairs were used to analyse the genetic diversity of 473 wild castor materials from South China. 203 bands were amplified by the 29 pairs of primers, of which 169 bands were polymorphic, with a polymorphic percentage of 83.25%. With an average number of alleles per locus (A p ) of 1.801, average number of effective alleles per locus ( A e ) of 1.713 and average percentage of polymorphic loci (P) of 90.04%, these primers were proven to be useful and effective. Nei’ genetic distance between the materials ranged from 1.04 to 25.02, with an average of 13.03. At the genetic distance of 25.02, the materials clustered into two major groups, consistent with the result of population structure analysis. However, more subgroups existed between 5.21 and 13.32. Although not all the materials from the same region were clustered in the same group, an obvious trend existed where the groups were related to regions to a great extent. Based on multiple indices, the genetic diversity of materials from Hainan was the lowest. However, there was not much difference between West Guangdong and Guangxi, although the former was slightly higher. Moderate genetic differentiation was observed in wild materials in South China. The genetic differentiation mainly occurred within population, with maximum differentiation in Guangxi, followed by West Guangdong and the minimum in Hainan. Nonetheless, there was an extensive geneflow between populations. The above results provided a direction for the conservation and breeding application of these materials.

Diversity Assessment by Molecular Barcoding and Seed Morphology in Ricinus communis L.

“…In accordance with the current finding Salihu and his coauthor on 2019 could not find a direct correlation between genetic diversity among 20 Nigerian castor genotypes and their geographical distribution (13). The genetic similarities of Ricinus accessions from different locations may be owed to the domestication and immigrants from each other, in addition to random mating within population (12).…”

“…MC1 clade contains the R1, R11 and R13 accessions that were assigned to C1, in addition R6 from C2, R5 and R9 from C3 were grouped together in the MC1 clade. Genomic adaption associated with developmental changes that may arose due to cultivation could explain these exceptions (12).…”

“…Nowadays, several DNA-PCR based molecular markers are successfully prevailed for assessing genetic diversity in different plant species. Many DNA markers span genome-wide to constitute a framework for high-throughput analyses of genetic diversity in plants such as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) (1,(11)(12)(13)(14). Other DNA based markers span only a specific locus within conserved regions of the genome regarded as fingerprint.…”

Genetic diversity analysis among 123 accessions of castor (Ricinus communis L.) using SSR marker and its association to agronomic traits

“…Castor germplasm accessions showed a variation in morphological and agronomic characters (Rukhsar et al 2018;Wahibah et al 2020). Besides variation on phenotypic traits, some genetic diversity analysis using molecular markers have been reported, such as Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) (Senthilvel et al 2016), Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) (Agyenim-boateng et al 2019), Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR), and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) (Kim et al 2021). SSR markers have advantages compared to other molecular markers.…”

Genetic Diversity of Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) Revealed by ISSR and RAPD Markers

“…The demand for castor products such as castor oil and its derivatives has increased worldwide since 1991 [9][10][11]. After 2014, the import rate of castor raw materials in China has increased over 90% [10,12]. To date, many methods or techniques have already been used to improve breeding and productivity of castor [13][14][15][16].…”