Squirrel monkeys in Costa Rica: drifting to extinction

Boinski, Sue; Jack, Katharine M.; Lamarsh, Craig; Coltrane, Jessica A.

doi:10.1017/s0030605300029756

Cited by 62 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Crop-raiding is less prevalent in the Americas, likely due in part to increased arboreality of platyrrhine primates. To date, this behavior has been reported for the neotropical genera Ateles (Waters and Ulloa 2007 ), Cebus Baker and Schutt 2005 ;De Oliveira and Fialho 2007 ), Saimiri (Boinski et al 1998 ;Daily et al 2003 ), and Alouatta (McKinney 2010 ). The ability of howler monkeys to survive in matrix habitats throughout their range is attributed in part to their ability to shift to a more frugivorous diet whenever possible, and to become more folivorous if necessary Arroyo-Rodríguez and Dias 2010 ).…”

Section: Crop-raiding By Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Howler Monkeys

Kowalewski

2015

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Section: Crop-raiding By Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Howler Monkeys

Kowalewski

2015

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“…S. oerstedii live in groups of 18 or more individuals, which have home ranges of approximately 200 ha. Their diet includes arthropods, flowers, fruits, and small vertebrates [31], [32], and they are restricted to the Pacific moist forests of Costa Rica and northern Panama below ∼500 m asl [31], [33], [34], [35]. This range area is characterized by frequent landscape disturbance from high rainfall, wind, hurricanes, and rugged topography [36], [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale-Dependent Effects of a Heterogeneous Landscape on Genetic Differentiation in the Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii)

Blair

Melnick

2012

PLoS ONE

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Landscape genetic studies offer a fine-scale understanding of how habitat heterogeneity influences population genetic structure. We examined population genetic structure and conducted a landscape genetic analysis for the endangered Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii) that lives in the fragmented, human-modified habitats of the Central Pacific region of Costa Rica. We analyzed non-invasively collected fecal samples from 244 individuals from 14 groups for 16 microsatellite markers. We found two geographically separate genetic clusters in the Central Pacific region with evidence of recent gene flow among them. We also found significant differentiation among groups of S. o. citrinellus using pairwise FST comparisons. These groups are in fragments of secondary forest separated by unsuitable “matrix” habitats such as cattle pasture, commercial African oil palm plantations, and human residential areas. We used an individual-based landscape genetic approach to measure spatial patterns of genetic variance while taking into account landscape heterogeneity. We found that large, commercial oil palm plantations represent moderate barriers to gene flow between populations, but cattle pastures, rivers, and residential areas do not. However, the influence of oil palm plantations on genetic variance was diminished when we restricted analyses to within population pairs, suggesting that their effect is scale-dependent and manifests during longer dispersal events among populations. We show that when landscape genetic methods are applied rigorously and at the right scale, they are sensitive enough to track population processes even in species with long, overlapping generations such as primates. Thus landscape genetic approaches are extremely valuable for the conservation management of a diverse array of endangered species in heterogeneous, human-modified habitats. Our results also stress the importance of explicitly considering the heterogeneity of matrix habitats in landscape genetic studies, instead of assuming that all matrix habitats have a uniform effect on population genetic processes.

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The social organizations of squirrel monkeys: Implications for ecological models of social evolution

Boinski¹

1999

Evol. Anthropol.

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“Squirrel‐monkeys occur in a considerable number of slightly different forms, but all are built upon a similar body plan and have a basic color scheme. One of the larger races—from inner Perú—is also the most colorful and one of the brightest colored of all mammals. It may be taken as a point of departure. The top of the head and the upper and outer parts of the body and the upper side of the basal half of the tail are a vivid green, with a pepper and salt effect of yellow and gray. The face is pure white except for black spectacles, muzzle and chin; the throat, chest, underside, insides of limbs, and the underside of the basal half of the tail are brilliant daffodil yellow. The terminal half of the tail is jet black and rather bushy. The flesh of the hands is pale pink. Other races vary in the intensity of the green and yellow, so that some may be olive brown above and white below, and in the amount and arrangement of the black areas on the face and the tip of the tail. Some have almost naked ears, others have these organs clothed in short fur, and still others bear thereupon long tufts or fringes. All these variations seem to blend into the other geographically . . . some of these pure color variations may constitute valid regional subspecies or even species. . . .” I. T. Sanderson1 (p. 77).

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Squirrel monkeys in Costa Rica: drifting to extinction

Cited by 62 publications

References 10 publications

Howler Monkeys

Howler Monkeys

Scale-Dependent Effects of a Heterogeneous Landscape on Genetic Differentiation in the Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii)

The social organizations of squirrel monkeys: Implications for ecological models of social evolution

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