Squeezing with a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier

Zhong, L.; Menzel, E. P.; Candia, Roberto Di; Eder, Peter; Ihmig, Matthias; Baust, A.; Haeberlein, M.; Hoffmann, E.; Inomata, K.; Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi; Nakamura, Y.; Solano, E.; Deppe, Frank; Marx, Achim; Gross, Rudolf

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/12/125013

Cited by 117 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In addition to the experimental data presented below, these corrections could explain previously reported experimental observation of non-Gaussian features for JPAs [15,28].…”

Section: Cumulantssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Such a saturation of squeezing has been observed experimentally [28,29], and will be discussed in more details in Sec.VI B. In addition, one can expect the output field of the JPA to exhibit significant non-Gaussian signatures for large gain and nonlinearity.…”

Section: B Phase Space Representationmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In order to confirm that these higher-order correction effects explain the experimentally observed reduction in squeezing levels of JPAs [14,15,28,29], we compare our numerical results to experimental data. Using a momentbased reconstruction method, the squeezing level of a flux-pumped JPA is measured [58,59,61].…”

Section: B Squeezing Levelmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In order to characterize the squeezing produced by the JPA, we calculate the filtered output field squeezing level defined as [28] …”

Section: B Squeezing Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Higher-Order Nonlinearities on Amplification and Squeezing in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers

et al. 2017

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Single-mode Josephson junction-based parametric amplifiers are often modeled as perfect amplifiers and squeezers. We show that, in practice, the gain, quantum efficiency, and output field squeezing of these devices are limited by usually neglected higher-order corrections to the idealized model. To arrive at this result, we derive the leading corrections to the lumped-element Josephson parametric amplifier of three common pumping schemes: monochromatic current pump, bichromatic current pump, and monochromatic flux pump. We show that the leading correction for the last two schemes is a single Kerr-type quartic term, while the first scheme contains additional cubic terms. In all cases, we find that the corrections are detrimental to squeezing. In addition, we show that the Kerr correction leads to a strongly phase-dependent reduction of the quantum efficiency of a phase-sensitive measurement. Finally, we quantify the departure from ideal Gaussian character of the filtered output field from numerical calculation of third and fourth order cumulants. Our results show that, while a Gaussian output field is expected for an ideal Josephson parametric amplifier, higher-order corrections lead to non-Gaussian effects which increase with both gain and nonlinearity strength. This theoretical study is complemented by experimental characterization of the output field of a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier. In addition to a measurement of the squeezing level of the filtered output field, the Husimi Q-function of the output field is imaged by the use of a deconvolution technique and compared to numerical results. This work establishes nonlinear corrections to the standard degenerate parametric amplifier model as an important contribution to Josephson parametric amplifier's squeezing and noise performance.

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“…In addition to the experimental data presented below, these corrections could explain previously reported experimental observation of non-Gaussian features for JPAs [15,28].…”

Section: Cumulantssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: B Phase Space Representationmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: B Squeezing Levelmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In order to characterize the squeezing produced by the JPA, we calculate the filtered output field squeezing level defined as [28] …”

Section: B Squeezing Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Higher-Order Nonlinearities on Amplification and Squeezing in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers

et al. 2017

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“…These emitters can be spatially separated from the setup components used for manipulation and detection [18,19], which allows one to individually control the emitter and the setup temperature. Due to the low energy of microwave photons, the detection of these fields typically requires the use of nearquantum-limited amplifiers [20][21][22][23], cross-correlation detectors [17, 18, 24], or superconducting qubits [25][26][27][28].The unique nature of propagating fields is reflected in their photon statistics, which is described by a probability distribution either in terms of the number states or in terms of its moments. The former were studied by coupling the field to an atom or qubit and measuring the coherent dynamics [29][30][31] or by spectroscopic analysis [32].…”

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confidence: 99%

Photon Statistics of Propagating Thermal Microwaves

et al. 2017

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In experiments with superconducting quantum circuits, characterizing the photon statistics of propagating microwave fields is a fundamental task. We quantify the n 2 + n photon number variance of thermal microwave photons emitted from a black-body radiator for mean photon numbers 0.05 n 1.5. We probe the fields using either correlation measurements or a transmon qubit coupled to a microwave resonator. Our experiments provide a precise quantitative characterization of weak microwave states and information on the noise emitted by a Josephson parametric amplifier.As propagating electromagnetic fields in general [1][2][3], propagating microwaves with photon numbers on the order of unity are essential for quantum computation [4,5], communication [6], and illumination [7][8][9][10] protocols. Because of their omnipresence in experimental setups, the characterization of thermal states is especially relevant for many applications [11][12][13][14]. Specifically in the microwave regime, sophisticated experimental techniques for their generation at cryogenic temperatures, their manipulation, and detection have been developed in recent years. In this context, an important aspect is the generation of propagating thermal microwaves using thermal emitters [15][16][17]. These emitters can be spatially separated from the setup components used for manipulation and detection [18,19], which allows one to individually control the emitter and the setup temperature. Due to the low energy of microwave photons, the detection of these fields typically requires the use of nearquantum-limited amplifiers [20][21][22][23], cross-correlation detectors [17, 18, 24], or superconducting qubits [25][26][27][28].The unique nature of propagating fields is reflected in their photon statistics, which is described by a probability distribution either in terms of the number states or in terms of its moments. The former were studied by coupling the field to an atom or qubit and measuring the coherent dynamics [29][30][31] or by spectroscopic analysis [32]. The moment-based approach requires knowledge on the average photon number n and its variance Var(n) = n 2 − n 2 to distinguish many states of interest. To this end, the second-order correlation function g (2) (τ ) has been measured to analyze the photon statistics of thermal [33][34][35] or quantum [36][37][38] emitters ever since the ground-breaking experiments of Hanbury Brown and Twiss [39,40]. While these experiments use the time delay τ as control parameter, at microwave frequencies the photon number n can be controlled conveniently [15,32,[41][42][43][44]. In the specific case of a thermal field at frequency ω, the Bose-Einstein distribution yields n(T ) = [exp( ω/k B T ) − 1] −1 and Var(n) = n 2 + n, which can be controlled by the temperature T of the emitter. In practice, one wants to distinguish this relation from both the classical limit Var(n) = n 2 and the Poissonian behavior Var(n) = n characteristic for coherent states [41] or shot noise [45,46]. Hence, as shown in Fig. 1, the most relev...

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Advanced Superconducting Circuits and Devices

Weides

Rotzinger

2016

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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The article contains sections titled: Introduction Field‐Effect Devices Quantum Information Circuits Metamaterials at Microwave Frequencies Quantum Phase Slip Novel Quantum Circuits Quantum‐Limited Measurements: Microwave Parametric Amplifiers

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Squeezing with a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier

Cited by 117 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of Higher-Order Nonlinearities on Amplification and Squeezing in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers

Effect of Higher-Order Nonlinearities on Amplification and Squeezing in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers

Photon Statistics of Propagating Thermal Microwaves

Advanced Superconducting Circuits and Devices

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