Squeezing Visible Light Waves into a 3-nm-Thick and 55-nm-Long Plasmon Cavity

Miyazaki, Hideki T.; Kurokawa, Yasuyoshi

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.097401

Cited by 526 publications

(410 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

397

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We first obtain the plasmonic wavelength λ pl of the cavity gap mode propagating along a thin infinite vacuum gap layer between two semi-infinite metallic slabs. 56,64,65 When the equations of propagation in this metal/insulator/metal system are solved for a given incident wavelength λ and gap separation …”

Section: Acs Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Morphology of Narrow Gaps Modifies the Plasmonic Response

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The optical response of a plasmonic gapantenna is mainly determined by the Coulomb interaction of the two constituent arms of the antenna. Using rigorous calculations supported by simple analytical models, we observe how the morphology of a nanometric gap separating two metallic rods dramatically modifies the plasmonic response. In the case of rounded terminations at the gap, a conventional set of bonding modes is found that red-shifts strongly with decreasing separation. However, in the case of flat surfaces, a distinctly different situation is found with the appearance of two sets of modes: (i) strongly radiating longitudinal antenna plasmons (LAPs), which exhibit a red-shift that saturates for very narrow gaps, and (ii) transverse cavity plasmons (TCPs) confined to the gap, which are weakly radiative and strongly dependent on the separation distance between the two arms. The two sets of modes can be independently tuned, providing detailed control of both the near-and far-field response of the antenna. We illustrate these properties also with an application to larger infrared gap-antennas made of polar materials such as SiC. Finally we use the quantum corrected model (QCM) to show that the morphology of the gap has a dramatic influence on the plasmonic response also for subnanometer gaps. This effect can be crucial for the correct interpretation of charge transfer processes in metallic cavities where quantum effects such as electron tunneling are important. KEYWORDS: optical antennas, plasmonic gaps, cavity modes, antenna modes, quantum effects, quantum corrected model, plasmonic resonances, phononic resonances M etallic particles can show a strong optical response due to the excitation of resonant plasmonic modes, making light manipulation possible in structures of dimensions comparable to or smaller than the wavelength. Typical effects are the efficient emission of radiation and the concentration of the incoming light energy in small volumes, thus justifying the characterization of these metallic structures as optical antennas. 1,2 Modifications of the geometry, size, or materials 3−6 affect the optical response. In particular, the resonant modes of optical antennas consisting of two metallic particles separated by a narrow gap show significant sensitivity to the properties of the gap. 7−19 In an optical antenna, a change in geometry can simultaneously affect both the strength and wavelength of its resonances and modify both the far-and near-field response. It is usually a challenge, for example, to control the near field without affecting the far-field properties. In this theoretical work, we discuss how the coexistence 20,21 of two different and mostly spectrally decoupled types of modes in flat-gap antennas, namely, transverse cavity modes 22 and longitudinal antenna modes, 15 allows for a more flexible tuning of far-and near-field properties compared to that of the conventional spherical-gap terminations 13,17,23 The importance of the gap morphology 24 is particularly pronounced for nanometer-...

show abstract

Section: Acs Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Morphology of Narrow Gaps Modifies the Plasmonic Response

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The GSP modes occur in a variety of geometries, from the simplest one-dimensional (1D) metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide 23,24 and metal nanowire-on-film geometries 22 to advanced structures such as the convex groove, V-groove and trench and stripe waveguides 25,26 . Furthermore, GSP modes offer enhanced properties compared with the usual propagating SP mode, such as extreme light confinement with improved propagation distances 27,28 , negative refraction 29,30 , highly efficient light absorption 25 and electrically driven circuitry 31 , to name a few important and distinct features of GSP modes in plasmonics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely confined gap surface-plasmon modes excited by electrons

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-spatial and energy resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) can be used for detailed characterization of localized and propagating surface-plasmon excitations in metal nanostructures, giving insight into fundamental physical phenomena and various plasmonic effects. Here, applying EELS to ultra-sharp convex grooves in gold, we directly probe extremely confined gap surface-plasmon (GSP) modes excited by swift electrons in nanometre-wide gaps. We reveal the resonance behaviour associated with the excitation of the antisymmetric GSP mode for extremely small gap widths, down to B5 nm. We argue that excitation of this mode, featuring very strong absorption, has a crucial role in experimental realizations of non-resonant light absorption by ultra-sharp convex grooves with fabricationinduced asymmetry. The occurrence of the antisymmetric GSP mode along with the fundamental GSP mode exploited in plasmonic waveguides with extreme light confinement is a very important factor that should be taken into account in the design of nanoplasmonic circuits and devices.

show abstract

“…As shown in recent experiments, SPPs can be manipulated using waveguides 1,2 and resonators. 3,4 Surface plasmon polaritons hold promise for application in sensing, photovoltaics, telecommunications, and optoelectronic circuit integration due to their ability to concentrate and guide electromagnetic energy at the nanoscale.Fabrication of components that guide and confine SPPs involves structuring of metals, typically using methods such as electron beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, selfassembly, or templating techniques. These methods offer high spatial resolution, but require complex multistep processing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface plasmon polariton modes in a single-crystal Au nanoresonator fabricated using focused-ion-beam milling

Vesseur

Waele

Lezec

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We use focused-ion-beam milling of a single-crystal Au surface to fabricate a 590-nm-long linear ridge that acts as a surface plasmon nanoresonator. Cathodoluminescence imaging spectroscopy is then used to excite and image surface plasmons on the ridge. Principal component analysis reveals distinct plasmonic modes, which proves confinement of surface plasmon oscillations to the ridge. Boundary-element-method calculations confirm that a linear ridge is able to support highly localized surface plasmon modes ͑mode diameter Ͻ100 nm͒. The results demonstrate that focused-ion-beam milling can be used in rapid prototyping of nanoscale single-crystal plasmonic components. © 2008 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2885344͔ Surface plasmon polaritons ͑SPPs͒ are electromagnetic waves confined to a metal-dielectric interface. As shown in recent experiments, SPPs can be manipulated using waveguides 1,2 and resonators. 3,4 Surface plasmon polaritons hold promise for application in sensing, photovoltaics, telecommunications, and optoelectronic circuit integration due to their ability to concentrate and guide electromagnetic energy at the nanoscale.Fabrication of components that guide and confine SPPs involves structuring of metals, typically using methods such as electron beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, selfassembly, or templating techniques. These methods offer high spatial resolution, but require complex multistep processing. Moreover, the metal films, most often obtained by thermal evaporation, typically have a polycrystalline structure. Grain boundaries and surface roughness in polycrystalline films are known to cause undesired scattering of SPPs.A single-step method to structure metals for plasmonic applications, that is gaining widespread acceptance, is focused-ion-beam ͑FIB͒ milling. 5,6 In a typical FIB system, Ga + ions are extracted from a liquid-metal ion source, accelerated to 30 keV, and focused by an electrostatic lens system to a spot size with diameter as small as 5 -10 nm.In this letter, we show how FIB milling of a singlecrystal Au substrate can be used for highly reproducible, maskless fabrication of a smooth plasmonic resonator, with minimum lateral dimension of 50 nm, and surface roughness on the scale of only a few nanometers. We use cathodoluminescence ͑CL͒ imaging spectroscopy to generate SPPs ͑Refs. 7 and 8͒ and image resonant modes within the metal nanostructures. The data demonstrate that FIB is an ideal tool for fabrication of nanoscale plasmonic components, in particular, when single-crystal metal substrates are employed. Our conclusions are supported by boundary-element-method ͑BEM͒ calculations of the local fields at the metal nanostructures. 9,10 Nanoplasmonic device fabrication consisted of focusedion-beam milling a polished ͗111͘ single-crystal Au substrate, grown using the Czochralski process. A 10 pA, 30 keV Ga beam from a FEI Nova 600 dual-beam workstation was rastered in 40 passes over a 4 ϫ 5 m 2 area, using a 1000ϫ 1250 pixel grid using a variable dwell time per pi...

show abstract

Squeezing Visible Light Waves into a 3-nm-Thick and 55-nm-Long Plasmon Cavity

Cited by 526 publications

References 27 publications

The Morphology of Narrow Gaps Modifies the Plasmonic Response

The Morphology of Narrow Gaps Modifies the Plasmonic Response

Extremely confined gap surface-plasmon modes excited by electrons

Surface plasmon polariton modes in a single-crystal Au nanoresonator fabricated using focused-ion-beam milling

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About