Squeeze and multi‐context attention for polyp segmentation

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence-based Computer Aided Diagnostics (AI-CADx) have been proposed to help physicians in reducing misdetection of polyps in colonoscopy examination. The heterogeneity of a polyp's appearance makes detection challenging for physicians and AI-CADx. Towards building better AI-CADx, we propose an attention module called Squeeze and Multi-Context Attention (SMCA) that re-calibrates a feature map by providing channel and spatial attention by taking into consideration highly activated features and context of the features at multiple receptive fields simultaneously. We test the effectiveness of SMCA by incorporating it into the encoder of five popular segmentation models. We use five public datasets and construct intra-dataset and inter-dataset test sets to evaluate the generalizing capability of models with SMCA. Our intra-dataset evaluation shows that U-Net with SMCA and without SMCA has a precision of 0.86 ± 0.01 and 0.76 ± 0.02 respectively on CVC-Clin-icDB. Our inter-dataset evaluation reveals that U-Net with SMCA and without SMCA has a precision of 0.62 ± 0.01 and 0.55 ± 0.09 respectively when trained on Kvasir-SEG and tested on CVC-ColonDB. Similar results are observed using other segmentation models and other public datasets. In conclusion, we demonstrate that incorporating SMCA into the segmentation models leads to an increase in generalizing capability of the segmentation models.

Design and development of artificial intelligence‐based application programming interface for early detection and diagnosis of colorectal cancer from wireless capsule endoscopy images

“…If a potential case of CRC is revealed in the screening process, an imaging examination will be conducted and the diagnosis will be confirmed through the analysis of biopsy specimens. 9 The primary identification of CRC necessitates periodic screenings. The subsequent screening examinations are frequently employed: Colonoscopy: It involves a comprehensive inspection of the colon through the utilization of a flexible tube equipped with a camera, commonly known as a colonoscope.…”

“…During the initial screening phase, the medical practitioner may recommend a faecal examination or perform a colorectal examination. If a potential case of CRC is revealed in the screening process, an imaging examination will be conducted and the diagnosis will be confirmed through the analysis of biopsy specimens 9 …”