Squared form factors of vibronic excitations in 12–13.3 eV of nitrogen studied by high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering

Peng, Yi-Geng; Xu, Kailai; Yang, Kè; Zhao, Xiaoli; Liu, Yawei; Mei, Xiao-Xun; Xu, Wenzhen; Hiraoka, Nozomu; Tsuei, Ku‐Ding; Zhu, Lin-Fan

doi:10.1103/physreva.89.032512

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In this work, the GOSs for the dipole‐allowed excitations of b 1 Π u ,

b^{'}^{1} Σ_{u}^{+}

c_{3}^{1} Π_{u}

c_{4}^{'}^{1} Σ_{u}^{+}

, and

o_{3}^{1} Π_{u}

are reported by high‐energy electron scattering at an incident electron of 1500 eV and an energy resolution of 70 meV, which provide a strict cross‐check for the IXS results [ Peng et al , ] and previous electron scattering ones [ Xu et al , ]. Then, the ICSs of nitrogen are obtained based on the BE‐scaling method [ Kim , , ; Tanaka et al , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…With the dramatic development of third generation synchrotron radiation and the crystal spectrometer, the brightness and the energy resolution of the X‐ray scattering technique have been greatly improved, which provides the possibility for the measurements of the dynamic parameters of atoms and molecules [ Xie et al , ; Bradley et al , ; Zhu et al , ; Liu et al , ; Peng et al , ; Kang et al , ; Xu et al , ; Liu et al , ]. Recently, the X‐ray scattering results, which are free from the high‐order Born terms, were obtained by Bradley et al [] and Peng et al [] at the energy resolutions of 1 eV and 70 meV, respectively. Only Peng et al [] give the quantitative inelastic squared form factors (ISFFs) or GOSs of the vibronic excitations of the dipole‐allowed transitions of nitrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the X‐ray scattering results, which are free from the high‐order Born terms, were obtained by Bradley et al [] and Peng et al [] at the energy resolutions of 1 eV and 70 meV, respectively. Only Peng et al [] give the quantitative inelastic squared form factors (ISFFs) or GOSs of the vibronic excitations of the dipole‐allowed transitions of nitrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integral cross sections of the dipole‐allowed excitations of nitrogen molecule studied by the fast electron scattering

Liu

et al. 2017

JGR Space Physics

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The integral cross sections (ICSs) of the electron scattering of nitrogen molecule are of great importance to the understanding of many different aspects of atmospheric physics. In the present work, the generalized oscillator strengths (GOSs) of the valence shell excitations of b′1Πu, b′1Σu+, c31Πu, c4′1Σu+, and o31Πu of nitrogen have been determined by fast electron scattering at an incident electron energy of 1500 eV and an energy resolution of 70 meV. By cross‐checking strictly the present results with the previous electron scattering and inelastic X‐ray scattering (IXS) ones, the accuracy and reliability of the GOSs for the corresponding dipole‐allowed transitions of nitrogen are tested stringently. Based on the accurate GOSs of these dipole‐allowed transitions, their ICSs are obtained systematically from the threshold to 5000 eV for the first time with the aid of the BE‐Scaling (B is the binding energy and E is the excitation energy) method, and the corresponding ICSs at the moderate and high energies are the only available data to the best of our knowledge.

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“…In this work, the GOSs for the dipole‐allowed excitations of b 1 Π u ,

b^{'}^{1} Σ_{u}^{+}

c_{3}^{1} Π_{u}

c_{4}^{'}^{1} Σ_{u}^{+}

, and

o_{3}^{1} Π_{u}

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Integral cross sections of the dipole‐allowed excitations of nitrogen molecule studied by the fast electron scattering

Liu

et al. 2017

JGR Space Physics

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“…The next step requires the evaluation of the integrals that contribute to the matrix elements in eqn (3), corresponding to the brackets listed in eqn (10) and (11). These one-electron integrals over spatial orbitals, expressed in a Gaussian basis, can be evaluated analytically as outlined in the following.…”

Section: Scattering Matrix Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ab initio calculation of inelastic scattering

Carrascosa

Kirrander

2017

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Nonresonant inelastic electron and X-ray scattering cross sections for bound-to-bound transitions in atoms and molecules are calculated directly from ab initio electronic wavefunctions. The approach exploits analytical integrals of Gaussian-type functions over the scattering operator, which leads to accurate and efficient calculations. Ne atoms, open-shell C and Na atoms, and the N 2 molecule, with both inner-shell and valence electronic transitions considered. The method is appropriate for use in conjunction with quantum molecular dynamics simulations and for the analysis of new ultrafast X-ray scattering experiments.

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“…1. The same setup has been used to study the squared form factors of valence shell excitations of atoms and molecules in our previous works44454647. In the present experiment, the analyzer energy for the scattered photon was fixed at 9889.37 eV, whereas the incident photon energy varied, from which the energy loss can be deduced easily.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The realization of the dipole (γ, γ) method and its application to determine the absolute optical oscillator strengths of helium

Liu

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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The dipole (γ, γ) method, which is the inelastic x-ray scattering operated at a negligibly small momentum transfer, is proposed and realized to determine the absolute optical oscillator strengths of the vanlence-shell excitations of atoms and molecules. Compared with the conventionally used photoabsorption method, this new method is free from the line saturation effect, which can seriously limit the accuracies of the measured photoabsorption cross sections for discrete transitions with narrow natural linewidths. Furthermore, the Bethe-Born conversion factor of the dipole (γ, γ) method varies much more slowly with the excitation energy than does that of the dipole (e, e) method. Absolute optical oscillator strengths for the excitations of 1s2 → 1 snp(n = 3 − 7) of atomic helium have been determined using the high-resolution dipole (γ, γ) method, and the excellent agreement of the present measurements with both those measured by the dipole (e, e) method and the previous theoretical calculations indicates that the dipole (γ, γ) method is a powerful tool to measure the absolute optical oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations of atoms and molecules.

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Squared form factors of vibronic excitations in 12–13.3 eV of nitrogen studied by high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Integral cross sections of the dipole‐allowed excitations of nitrogen molecule studied by the fast electron scattering

Integral cross sections of the dipole‐allowed excitations of nitrogen molecule studied by the fast electron scattering

Ab initio calculation of inelastic scattering

The realization of the dipole (γ, γ) method and its application to determine the absolute optical oscillator strengths of helium

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