Square-wave voltammetric determination of cefoperazone in a bacterial culture, pharmaceutical drug, milk, and urine

Abstract

Use of square-wave voltammetry (SWV) for determination of cefoperazone (CFPZ) in some buffers, bacterial culture, urine, and milk is described. CFPZ provides a specific voltammetric signal which is affected by pH and solution components. Determination of CFPZ in Britton-Robinson buffer, pH 4.4, is sensitive with a low detection limit (about 0.5 nmol L(-1)). In a more complex medium (bacterial 2YT medium, pH 7.2) the detection limit was approximately 1.5 micromol L(-1). We provide evidence that SWV is a suitable and quick method for CFPZ determination in a culture of living bacteria without separation of biomass. We have found big differences between methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in cultivation in the presence of CFPZ, depending on time. When CFPZ is cleaved by penicillinase, a new SWV peak b appears at more positive potentials. This peak rises both with increasing concentration of enzyme and with cleavage time while the original CFPZ peak is simultaneously decreasing. We determined the concentration of CFPZ in the drug Pathozone by the standard addition method and achieved good agreement with the declared value of CFPZ in the drug. With a simple pretreatment procedure it is possible to determine CFPZ in milk; for urine no pretreatment was required. Using SWV we could detect CFPZ concentrations as low as 500 nmol L(-1) in bovine milk and human urine.

Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Cefoperazone in Bulk Powder, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, and Human Urine

“…This is in agreement with previously reported data [19]. Accordingly, this type of buffer was chosen as a supporting electrolyte for further investigation on voltammetric parameters, which most influenced the peak current magnitude on preliminary measurements.…”

Hazards of Secondary Bromadiolone Intoxications Evaluated using High-performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection

“…The increased portion of the organic phase was found beneficial for the detection of bromadiolone. This fact is likely to be associated with the physicochemical properties of bromadiolone as an non-polar compound (more soluble in organic solvents) although our previous studies indicated a significant decrease in the electrochemical signal in the presence of the increased portion of the organic component in the mobile phase [58,63-66]. The flow rate of the mobile phase also affects the electrochemical signal.…”

Flow Injection Analysis Coupled with Carbon Electrodes as the Tool for Analysis of Naphthoquinones with Respect to Their Content and Functions in Biological Samples

“…The electrochemical methods are suitable for simultaneous determination of the compounds of interest not only in a biological sample without separation step but also directly in the biological sample [60-62]. Here, certain naphthoquinones (lawsone, plumbagin and juglone) were sensitively analyzed by using the differential pulse voltammetry coupled with hanging mercury drop and carbon paste electrodes and by injection analysis coupled with carbon printed electrode.…”