Square-Stepping Exercise and Fall Risk Factors in Older Adults: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Shigematsu, Ryosuke; Okura, Tomohiro; Nakagaichi, Masaki; Tanaka, Katsunori; Sakai, Tomoaki; Kitazumi, Suguru; Rantanen, Taina

doi:10.1093/gerona/63.1.76

Cited by 120 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Previous studies have showed similar results combining different modes of exercise, with great results increasing both upper-and lower-limb muscular strength (21,22). In addition, our data is consistent with results of another study that showed benefits of square-stepping exercise with respect to improve muscular strength of lower extremely in the older adults (10)(11)(12). Also, other previous studies found that the older adults had significantly increased muscle strength and endurance (P < 0.05) after the 12 weeks of 9 square table aerobic exercise (15).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention Program on Nutritional Status and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Thai Older Adults: Pilot Study

et al. 2017

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Background: Chronological aging is associated with a decrease in physical activity levels and consequently a decline in physical fitness, which may contribute to adverse conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity and physical impairment. Objectives: This study sought to examine the effects of an 8-week physical activity intervention program on nutritional status and health-related physical fitness among Thai older adults. Methods: Fifteen healthy elderly volunteers (aged 60 -75 years) completed an 8-week physical activity intervention that comprises a nine matrices exercise (NME) program (5 sessions per week of 30 -60 minutes). Measurements were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks, and included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and health-related physical fitness tests (6-minute walk, chair sit-and-reach, arm curl, back scratch, chair stand and 8-ft up and go). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Over an 8-week intervention study, participants significantly improved their weight (%∆ = -2.5, P < 0.001), BMI (%∆ = -2.5, P < 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (%∆ = +13.9, P = 0.001), arm curl (%∆ = +45.9, P = 0.001) and leg squat (%∆ = +42.8, P = 0.001) muscular strength, shoulder (%∆ = +9.8, P = 0.006) and lower back (%∆ = +15.0, P = 0.001) flexibility and agility and balance (%∆ = -3.9, P = 0.003). Blood pressure did not change significantly during the study period (P > 0.05). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that an 8-week NME program represents an effective strategy for improving nutritional status and health-related physical fitness in elderly Thai people.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, older adults may experience difficulty in walking in unfavorable weather conditions such as rain, wind, cold, or heat waves as in Asian countries. Furthermore, the fear of injury, disease, accident, and crime may prevent them walking outdoors (10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention Program on Nutritional Status and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Thai Older Adults: Pilot Study

et al. 2017

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“…Other researchers regard this exercise as dual-task training [9]. We have confirmed that SSE improves risk factors for falling [10], and leading falling risk [11]. However, effects of SSE on cognitive function have not been well established.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Effects of Exercise Program Requiring Attention, Memory and Imitation on Cognitive Function in Elderly Persons: A Non-Randomized Pilot Study

Shigematsu

Okura²,

Nakagaichi³

et al. 2014

J Gerontol Geriatric Res

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“…Following Pichierri et al [56], the results of the included DT studies did not allow defining a training methodology with greatest effectiveness to improve physical functioning. Moreover the outcome results did not explicitly focus on functional improvements in motor-cognitive DT situations (two of the DT studies did not report DT performance as an outcome measurement [62,63] or the influence of the task characteristics of the cognitive task on motor-cognitive DT performance. A review by SegevJacubovski and colleagues [60] summarized studies that evaluated the effects of cognitive therapy on fall risks referring to eight motor-cognitive [12,29,59,60,67,101,102,104] and two cognitive DT interventions [39,85].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training effects on motor–cognitive dual-task performance in older adults

Wollesen

Voelcker‐Rehage

2013

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

154

149

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This systematic review investigated whether healthy older adults benefit from training interventions in motor-cognitive dual-task (DT) situations and which specific aspects of the intervention and/or task selection contribute to training benefits. Training effects were analysed with regard to the training programme (e.g., general ST or DT training) and task conditions (e.g., standing or walking, complexity of secondary cognitive task). Literature was searched via OVIDsp (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO). DT studies were included by the following criteria: (1) investigation of at least one motor task, (2) assessment of DT performance outcomes on standing or walking, (3) conduction of an intervention, and (4) investigation of older adults in an experimental-control group design or an old-young comparison. Thirteen studies met all inclusion criteria. Four types of interventions were identified: (1) general single-task (ST) motor training, (2) specific ST motor training, (3) general DT training, and (4) task-related (specific) DT training. For DT standing conditions only DT interventions improved motor performance, whereas DT walking also benefits by ST training. Most benefits on motor and cognitive performance seem to be reached by DT training interventions whereas a GST produced lowest effects. Thus, balance orientated motor and cognitive DT performance in healthy older adults can be improved by performance related exercises. Furthermore, to reach beneficial effects, it seems necessary that the training intervention includes a certain level of exercise load such as rising difficulties, appropriate intensity and duration, a certain level of task specificity, and variable task prioritization. The transfer of training effects into everyday situations needs to be further investigated.

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Square-Stepping Exercise and Fall Risk Factors in Older Adults: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract: Although further studies are required, SSE is apparently more effective than walking in reducing fall risk factors, and it appears that it may be recommended as a health promotion exercise in older adults.

Cited by 120 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention Program on Nutritional Status and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Thai Older Adults: Pilot Study

Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention Program on Nutritional Status and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Thai Older Adults: Pilot Study

Effects of Exercise Program Requiring Attention, Memory and Imitation on Cognitive Function in Elderly Persons: A Non-Randomized Pilot Study

Training effects on motor–cognitive dual-task performance in older adults

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