Squamous cell carcinoma of the palm in Nigeria

Abstract

Objective:To document six cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the palm.Materials and Methods:A review of patients’ records seen from 1986 to 1998, at the Plastic Surgical Unit of the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu was undertaken. The accumulated data were analyzed with the reference to those diagnosed as SCCs.Results:Four males and two females with a mean age of 61.3 years were afflicted with SCC of the palm. All but one of these patients farmed. There were long delays before presentation, and extents of the lesions reflected that.Conclusion:The Public health education is indicated in our community, if the patients are to recognize the nature of this lesion and report early.

Biochemical constituents of gallstones from indigenous blacks of Nigerian origin

“…It is associated with the western world, advancing age, and more prevalent among the female gender. 1 In this study, there were female preponderance among the study cohorts which is in accordance with the numerous global findings of gallstone disease epidemiology. [5][6][7] The calculated male sex to the female sex ratio obtained was 1:2.5 which agrees with some local report but at variance with others.…”

“…Gallstones occur due to an imbalance in the biochemical constituents of bile with resultant precipitation of one or more component of bile. 1,2 It is one of the commonest causes of surgical emergencies in the western world and more prevalent among women and advancing age. [3][4] The condition is rare among indigenous Africans including Nigerians.…”

“…9,10 The proposed theories of its etiopathogenesis include supersaturation of bile and resultant precipitation of one or more of the primary biochemical constituent of bile (cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, calcium salts, proteins, and other lipids and minerals), biliary infection, drugs, and impaired motility of the gallbladder secondary to spinal cord injury. 1,2 However, the theory of supersaturation of bile and resultant precipitation of one or more of the primary biochemical constituent especially cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium salts is the most accepted among other suggested theories. 1,9,10 Based on its primary biochemical constituents, gallstones are classified into three types namely cholesterol stone (CS) with cholesterol lipid making up more than >90% of the stone which occurs in alteration of lipid metabolism especially in obesity, pigment stone (PS) with conjugated bilirubin making up about 90% of the stone which occurs in hemolytic states, and mixed stone (MS) with varying concentrations of cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium salts.…”

“…1,2 However, the theory of supersaturation of bile and resultant precipitation of one or more of the primary biochemical constituent especially cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium salts is the most accepted among other suggested theories. 1,9,10 Based on its primary biochemical constituents, gallstones are classified into three types namely cholesterol stone (CS) with cholesterol lipid making up more than >90% of the stone which occurs in alteration of lipid metabolism especially in obesity, pigment stone (PS) with conjugated bilirubin making up about 90% of the stone which occurs in hemolytic states, and mixed stone (MS) with varying concentrations of cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium salts. 1,11 The evaluation and quantification of these constituents in gallstones enables the understanding of its origin, etiology, metabolic basis, and pathogenesis.…”

“…1,9,10 Based on its primary biochemical constituents, gallstones are classified into three types namely cholesterol stone (CS) with cholesterol lipid making up more than >90% of the stone which occurs in alteration of lipid metabolism especially in obesity, pigment stone (PS) with conjugated bilirubin making up about 90% of the stone which occurs in hemolytic states, and mixed stone (MS) with varying concentrations of cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium salts. 1,11 The evaluation and quantification of these constituents in gallstones enables the understanding of its origin, etiology, metabolic basis, and pathogenesis. 12,13 However, there is a paucity of clinical data on the biochemical constituents of gallstones among Nigeria patients.…”