Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin has More Than Doubled Over the Last Decade in the UK

Goon, Peter; Greenberg, David; Igali, Laszlo; Levell, N. J.

doi:10.2340/00015555-2310

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Over the 10-year study period stated above, the population of ENW increased by approximately 10.4% at a steady rate (8)(9)(10)(11). Our recorded data for the numbers of EPC from the study period are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Electronic databases from the pathology department at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (NNUH) from East Norfolk and Waveney (ENW): (Breckland, Broadland, Great Yarmouth, North Norfolk, Norwich, South Norfolk and Waveney community districts) in the Eastern Region of the UK (population: 794,043 in 2004 increasing to 870,100 in 2013) (8)(9)(10)(11), were analysed and collected from the 1 st of January, 2004 to 31 st December 2013 for this retrospective cohort analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eccrine Porocarcinoma of the Skin is Rising in Incidence in the East of England

Goon¹,

Gurung²,

Levell

et al. 2018

Acta Derm Venerol

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Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) was first described by Pinkus & Mehregan in 1963 (1) as "epidermotropic eccrine carcinoma" and is the malignant counterpart of eccrine poroma. It is a rare tumour (0.005-0.01% (2, 3) of cutaneous tumours), thought to arise from the acrosyringium of the sweat gland of the skin. The term "porocarcinoma" was first used by Mishima & Morioka in 1969 (4). Although initial case series suggested that this was a highly aggressive tumour, with approximately 60% of cases reported to have local recurrence, metastases or death, later larger case series of 18, 24 and 27 patients, respectively, did not support such an aggressive natural history (3, 5, 6) The largest case series to date (69 cases) in 2001 (7), reported EPC as a less aggressive tumour, with 17% local recurrence, 19% lymph node metastasis and 11% distant metastases or death. This study analysed the age-standardised incidence rates for the population of the East of England (East Norfolk and Waveney), and estimated the numbers of cases likely to be found here and in the UK for 2020, 2025 and 2030. This cohort (n = 152) is the largest reported so far and there are long-term follow-up data for recurrences, metastases and survival/death, thus helping to clarify the natural history of this tumour.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccrine Porocarcinoma of the Skin is Rising in Incidence in the East of England

Goon¹,

Gurung²,

Levell

et al. 2018

Acta Derm Venerol

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“…The lifetime risk of developing skin SCC in the USA is thought to range from 7% to 11%, and is estimated to be even higher in Australia [3]. Accurate data on the incidence of skin SCC in the UK is not readily available due to inefficiencies in data collection and the cancer registry system, but is thought to also be increasing [10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-Induced Cancers of the Skin and Mucosa: Are We Dealing with “Smoking Guns” or “Smoke and Mirrors” in the Operating Theatre?

Goon

Tan

et al. 2017

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

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IntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) alone is thought to cause ~610,000 cases of cancer per year, and is the dominant aetiological agent for ano-genital (esp. cervical) and head and neck cancers (esp. oropharyngeal). Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is a more recently discovered virus which causes Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare but highly aggressive skin malignancy.MethodsWe explored the available published evidence to see if transmission of live HPV or MCV virus in smoke generated by laser or diathermy was feasible, and would pose an infection risk. Long-term infection with such carcinogenic viruses would then pose an increased risk for the development of virus-induced cancers in medical personnel.ResultsThe morphological structures of both HPV and MCV are very similar, and the size, external capsids and genomic structures show striking similarity. Both viruses have a non-enveloped external protein capsid consisting of 72 capsomeres, and a double-stranded DNA core. Sizes of both viruses range from 50 to 60 nm. There are now recent data demonstrating live and infectious HPV in smoke, and that these viruses can be used to infect cells in vitro. Further, anecdotal reports of virus transmission leading to disease causation in the production of respiratory airway viral warts (benign disease), and, finally, reports of HPV-induced oropharyngeal carcinoma (malignant disease) in two gynaecological surgeons as an occupational health hazard have been published recently.ConclusionThere is now sufficient evidence to support the hypotheses that live infectious carcinogenic viruses can be transmitted via smoke generated from surgical procedures, and, in rare instances, actually cause significant disease. Protective measures such as smoke extraction and airway protection should be instituted for all healthcare personnel, particularly those with multiple repeated exposures such as gynaecological surgeons.

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“…In contrast, BCCs incidence rates are rising rapidly, in conjunction with other non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) such as squamous cell carcinomas, Merkel cell carcinoma and eccrine porocarcinoma (1,(15)(16)(17). The cost and burden to the UK taxpayer is also rising rapidly and NMSC costs have been estimated to reach almost half a billion pounds in 2025 for the NHS (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analyses of Tumour Volume Doubling Times for Periocular and Non-periocular Head and Neck Basal Cell Carcinomas

Khoo¹,

Goon²,

Sudhoff³

et al. 2019

Acta Derm Venereol

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SIGNIFICANCEBasal cell carcinomas are very common skin tumours which are locally destructive. It was thought that basal cell carcinomas around the eyes grow faster than those elsewhere based on one previous paper. We demonstrate that there is no evidence for this and also calculate tumour growth rates to show the position of basal cell carcinomas in a growth rate figure, compared to more malignant tumours. Our new data can guide clinicians as to how much time there is avail able for removal or treatment before crucial parts of our anatomy could be affected.Basal cell carcinomas are the commonest solid malignancy in humans and thought to grow faster in the periocular region. We measured growth rates between periocular and non-periocular nodular basal cell carcinomas in the head and neck region from high-resolution digital photos and operative notes. The non-periocular basal cell carcinomas (head and neck) showed a mean tumour volume doubling time of 129.8 ± 21.74 (n = 79) days, and the periocular basal cell carcinoma a mean of 177.5 ± 37.21 (n = 47) days. The unpaired ttest with Welch correction showed that this difference was not significant (p = 0.2719). The mean tumour volume doubling time was 147.59 ± 37.75 days for head and neck basal cell carcinomas overall. For the first time, tumour volume doubling times for nodular basal cell carcinomas in the periocular versus non-periocular regions for the head and neck area were analysed, with no significant differences demonstrated. Further, comparison of basal cell carcinoma growth rates with other common solid tumours confirmed that basal cell carcinomas are slow growing malignancies.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin has More Than Doubled Over the Last Decade in the UK

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Eccrine Porocarcinoma of the Skin is Rising in Incidence in the East of England

Eccrine Porocarcinoma of the Skin is Rising in Incidence in the East of England

Virus-Induced Cancers of the Skin and Mucosa: Are We Dealing with “Smoking Guns” or “Smoke and Mirrors” in the Operating Theatre?

Comparative Analyses of Tumour Volume Doubling Times for Periocular and Non-periocular Head and Neck Basal Cell Carcinomas

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