Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in 17 dogs

Abstract

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum was diagnosed in 17 dogs over a period of 11 years. Ulceration, bleeding and sneezing were the most common clinical signs. One dog had cytological evidence of metastasis to the local lymph node. The dogs were treated by surgical resection, fractionated megavoltage irradiation, or a combination of the two. Surgical resection gave the most favourable results; four of six dogs were cured but a recurrence of the tumour was predicted in the other two on the basis of incomplete or marginal resection. Radiotherapy alone was not as effective; one of four dogs was cured, and the tumour recurred in the others within 24 weeks (median eight weeks). Combined surgical resection and radiotherapy did not produce a cure in any of the seven remaining dogs, and the tumour recurred within 12 weeks (median nine weeks). Three dogs had cytological evidence of lymph node metastasis when the tumour recurred. The dogs' prognosis was adversely affected by the interval between their initial examination and treatment, but there was no apparent association between the histological grade of the tumour and the clinical outcome.

Combined Rostrolateral Rhinotomy for Removal of Rostral Nasal Septum Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Long‐Term Outcome in 10 Dogs

“…SCC at the rostral nasal septum in these dogs was most commonly seen in older, entire male dogs, with Labrador and Golden Retriever being overrepresented. This observation is in agreement with previous reports on nasal planum SCC, which found similar breed and sex predisposition . Epistaxis and sneezing were the most common presenting signs and are signs commonly associated with nasal cavity tumors in agreement with previous reports of nasal planum SCC .…”

“…These results indicate, however, that the cosmetic approach may be considered for resections of a septal SCC that extends rostrally and is expected to leave >5 mm of healthy philtrum and mucosa. In contrast, tumors extending into the superficial nasal planum, or closer than 2–5 mm to the planum, are best suited for planectomy with or without premaxillectomy . Three of 4 recurrences in our study developed with tumors extending into the ventral aspect of the nasal vestibule.…”

“…Tumors were graded according to the World Health Organization classification as well‐differentiated, moderately well‐differentiated, or poorly differentiated SCC . Surgical margins were assessed for presence of tumor cells …”

“…Surgery alone for nasal planum SCC has a 67–100% cure rate and recurrence is associated with incomplete margins . Rostral maxillectomy and/or planectomy (nosectomy) is recommended for wide excision of nasal planum SCC .…”

Expression of p16 (INK4a), cytokeratin 19, and Ki-67 in canine laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

“…Depending on the grade of tumour malignancy, a variable number of mitotic figures, frequently abnormal can be noted. Moreover, the tumour structure may contain infiltrates of inflammatory cells, such as lymphocytes, histiocytes, neutrophils, plasmocytes, and macrophages (6,21). In humans, in addition, overexpression of EGFR, accumulation of p53, mutation of TP53 gene, amplification of HER-2, and loss of 3 p and 9 p, as well as one or a few additional chromosomes have been detected (41).…”