Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: clinical and morphological analysis of 57 cases and correlation with prognosis

Abstract

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which represents more than 90% of head and neck malignant neoplasms, has a poor prognosis due to its high frequency of lymph node metastasis and local invasion. Previous studies have investigated parameters related to the biological behavior of OSCC and its correlation with disease outcome (DO). Objective: To evaluate clinical and morphological data in cases of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), correlating these findings with prognosis. Material and methods: Fifty-seven specimens of TSCC were obtained from patients undergoing surgical excision at a referral hospital in Natal, Brazil. Clinical data, such as tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and DO, were collected from medical records. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were analyzed regarding histological grade of malignancy (HGM), based on the system proposed by Bryne (1998). Results: The majority of patients (38.6%) were diagnosed as TNM stage III, and 57.9% developed metastases. Remission of the tumor occurred in 77.2% of the cases. The parameter "metastasis" exhibited a significant association with DO (p = 0) and TNM stage (p = 0.001), thus constituting a good indicator of tumor progression. Correlation of HGM and TNM stage with DO was not evidenced. Nevertheless, statistical analysis showed a significant association between HGM and TNM stage (p = 0.006). Conclusion: TNM clinical staging and HGM, evaluated in association, may be useful to estimate the prognosis of TSCC.

Expressão imunoistoquímica da endoglina (CD105) e do fator de von Willebrand em carcinoma epidermoide oral e sua relação com parâmetros clinicopatológicos

“…Anatomic site is considered an important parameter related to progression and prognosis in OSCC. 24,31 In the present study, OSCC specimens from the floor of the mouth exhibited higher angiogenic indices than lesions from other sites, confirming the influence of anatomic site on tumor aggression.…”

“…6,[20][21][22] With regard to OSCC, it is believed that lesions diagnosed on the tongue may have poor prognosis because of their elevated potential to develop localized lymph node metastases, which is partly due to the rich supply of blood and lymph vessels at this anatomic site. [23][24][25] However, according to our results, the floor of the mouth would be the site of greatest concern, according to the MVC results, both for CD105 and for vWF, with the tongue in second place.…”

MED15, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), FcγRIII (CD16), and HNK-1 (CD57) are prognostic biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…Various studies have indicated that factors including regional lymph node metastasis [60][61][62][63][64] , lymphatic invasion 65 , histological grading 60,61,64 , the anatomic site 60 , clinical TNM staging 60,61,65,66 and depth of invasion 60,62,63 might be key prognostic markers of OSCC 60 or other cancers 65 . TNM staging has been recognized as a very important prognostic factor 60,67-69 .…”

Managementof squamos cell carcinoma of tongue in young men: case report

“…The stadium system is a combination of T, N, and M to classify lesions into stages 1 to 4. The AJCC classification is basically a clinical picture of the disease (1,14,15) in this case, patients initially experience chronic trauma which is later diagnosed with OSCC on the ventrolateral tongue by looking at the clinical condition and FNA examination results categorized as reaching stage III with the TNM system showing T1N1M0 means that a tumor measuring 2 cm or less was found, N showed metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, and not distant metastasis. This then made patients and families choose to continue treatment in Penang, Malaysia.…”