Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Infraorbital Sinus With Fungal Tracheitis and Ingluvitis in an Adult Solomon Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus roratus solomonensis)

Retrospective study of ocular disorders in Amazon parrots

“…Orbital and intraocular neoplasms were rarely reported in this survey. Many case reports have described neoplasms in parrots (Paul-Murphy et al 1985, Graham et al 2003, Diaz-Figueroa et al 2006, Simova-Curd et al 2009. Diagnosed orbital neoplasm occurred along with lymphoma; fine needle cytology examination confirmed the diagnosis (Casagrande et al 2005).…”

“…In other species of parrots, some of reported ophthalmological disorders are: exophthalmos secondary to squamous cell carcinoma at the infraorbital sinus in a Solomon Island eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus solomonensis) (Diaz-Figueroa et al 2006) and secondary to a retrobulbar adenoma in an African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) (Simova-Curd et al 2009); periorbital liposarcoma was also described in this species (Psittacus erithacus) (Graham et al 2003); Horner's syndrome secondary to trauma in a Redbellied parrot (Poicephalus rufiventris) (Gancz et al 2005), and mycobacterial keratitis in a Maximilian's parrot (Pionus maximiliani maximiliani) (Stanz et al 1995).…”

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Third Eyelid Membrane in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus)

“…Anatomic locations of SCC are tongue, pharynx, gastrointestinal system, uropygial gland, upper weak, head, eyelid, neck, wings and leg's skin. As in other species, SCC has a very invasive effect in birds but it is slow to metastasize (Diaz-Figueroa et al, 2006). In our country, no studies have been reported indicating the occurrence of this cancer in the third eyelid of the birds.…”

“…In human and most domestic species such as cats and dogs, SCC has been reported to be an extremely invasive but slow, metastatic, malignant, epithelial tumor of the squamous epithelium. The same is true for avian species (Diaz-Figueroa et al, 2006). Although this tumor is observed commonly in budgerigars, it has been reported rarely in Psittaciformes (Diaz-Figueroa et al, 2006;Pye et al, 2009).…”

“…The same is true for avian species (Diaz-Figueroa et al, 2006). Although this tumor is observed commonly in budgerigars, it has been reported rarely in Psittaciformes (Diaz-Figueroa et al, 2006;Pye et al, 2009). In birds, anatomic locations of this tumor is the globe, orbit, infraorbital sinus, tongue, pharynx, gastrointestinal system, uropygial gland, beak skin of the head, neck, eyelids, chest, wings and legs (Diaz-Figueroa et al, 2006;Pye et al, 2009).…”