Squamous cell carcinoma in a female urethral diverticulum

Shalev, Moshe; Mistry, Sandeep; Kernen, Kenneth; Miles, Brian J.

doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01537-6

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Eighty percent of urethral tumors are squamous cell carcinoma. Although most urethral carcinomas are squamous cell in origin, up to 70% of them are adenocarcinomas when associated with a diverticulum [4]. This supports the theory of a glandular origin of the diverticulum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Urethral adenocarcinoma mimicking urethral caruncle

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Urethral adenocarcinoma mimicking urethral caruncle

et al. 2005

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“…6 cm stone in a urethral diverticulum [11] . Besides, malignant tumors such as transition cell carcinoma, squamous cell and clear cell adenocarcinoma were also found in the female urethral diverticulum [12][13][14] . Adenocarcinoma in the urethral diverticulum was also found in 1 of our patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presentation of Female Urethral Diverticulum Is Usually Not Typical

Chang

Lin

Chen³

2008

Urol Int

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Introduction: Symptoms or signs of female urethral diverticulum are usually not typical, thereby resulting in delayed or wrong diagnosis. This paper relates to our experience on the diversity of presenting symptoms and signs of female urethral diverticula. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records and conducted telephone interviews of 14 patients with the diagnosis of female urethral diverticulum in our institution. Results: The mean patient age at diagnosis was 47.5 years (range 22–65 years) and the mean duration between symptom presentation and diagnosis was 6.46 years (range 1 month to 30 years). Their presenting symptoms were so diverse that many were initially treated under the diagnosis other than urethral diverticulum. Most patients were treated as uncomplicated urinary tract infection for a long time. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) was so dominant in 2 patients with big diverticula that they were falsely treated with anti-incontinence surgery. Total incontinence happened in 1 patient with genuine SUI and a big urethral diverticulum. One patient with a huge diverticulum, which had a fistula opening into the vagina, presented with day- and night-time incontinence. Some patients even did not have incontinence, but only had dysuria or a painful anterior vaginal wall nodule. Nevertheless, detailed analysis on symptoms and signs usually may suggest urethral diverticulum. We found that recurrent urinary tract infection, urinary incontinence, palpable suburethral mass, vaginal tenderness, and dysuria are the five major presenting symptoms and signs. The diagnostic rate of voiding cystourethrography during video-urodynamics, double-balloon urethrography and MRI were 10/10 (100%), 6/6 (100%) and 10/11 (90.9%) respectively. Conclusions: The presenting symptoms and signs of female urethral diverticula are often diverse and easily overlooked. High suspicion of this disorder, detailed history-taking and physical examination are essential for detecting urethral diverticulum in females.

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“…Differential diagnosis for UD includes other periurethral masses such as vaginal wall cysts, leiomyoma, or Skene gland or Gartner duct abnormalities. The risk of malignancy associated with UD is low, ranging from 1 to 6 % [4, 5••, 15,16] with adenocarcinoma being the most common malignancy, followed by transitional cell and squamous cell carcinoma [17]. Cancer is sometimes diagnosed on post-diverticulectomy pathology specimen and usually warrants pelvic exenteration with lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Urethral Diverticulum: Current Diagnosis and Management

Crescenze

Goldman

2015

Curr Urol Rep

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While urethral diverticulum (UD) affects less than 20 per 1,000,000 women overall, it is thought to represent 1.4% of women with incontinence presenting to urology practices. It is hypothesized to evolve from periurethral glands that become obstructed, infected, and dilated over time, and patients typically present with dyspareunia, bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and/or recurrent UTIs. In many patients, a periurethral mass can be appreciated on exam. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the imaging test of choice for diagnosis of UD, but ultrasound (US) is a readily available alternative and provides good specificity at a lower cost. Surgical excision of the diverticulum with tension-free, water-tight, three-layer closure continues to be the mainstay of treatment of UD with most studies reporting cure rates of >90%. Concomitant treatment of preexisting stress incontinence with autologous fascial pubovaginal sling can be used at the time of diverticulectomy to avoid a secondary procedure. However, since secondary anti-incontinence procedures are needed in only a small number of patients, up-front stress incontinence treatment may result in significant overtreatment, and staged anti-incontinence procedures continue to be a reasonable option for patients with persistent bothersome stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after diverticulectomy.

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Squamous cell carcinoma in a female urethral diverticulum

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

Urethral adenocarcinoma mimicking urethral caruncle

Urethral adenocarcinoma mimicking urethral caruncle

Presentation of Female Urethral Diverticulum Is Usually Not Typical

Female Urethral Diverticulum: Current Diagnosis and Management

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