Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited

Viana, Sarah T. F. L.; Carvalho, Marcelo R. de

doi:10.3897/zse.96.51962

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 52 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…The haplotype network revealed that S. japonicus, S. edmundsi, and S. grahami did not share haplotypes, unlike S. clarkae and S. mitsukurii, which did. Squalus mitsukurii was originally described in Japan by Jordan and Snyder (1903), and despite identification issues due to morphological character overlapping, this species presents a circumglobal distribution [69], and its occurrence has likely been overestimated [4,70,71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Barcoding and Species Delimitation for Dogfish Sharks Belonging to the Squalus Genus (Squaliformes: Squalidae)

et al. 2022

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The Squalus genus comprises a group of small demersal sharks occurring circumglobally, popularly known as dogfish sharks. This genus exhibits a conserved morphology, thus making correct morphological identification difficult. Considering these taxonomic problems and the scarcity of molecular data, the present study aimed to identify Squalus genus MOTUs, using DNA barcoding for species delimitation via ABGD (automatic barcode gap discovery), PTP (Poisson tree process), and GMYC (general mixed Yule coalescent) employing the mitochondrial COI gene. A total of 69 sequences were generated from samples obtained from the American coast in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The ABGD analysis was the most conservative among the three applied delimitations, indicating three taxonomic units, while the PTP analysis revealed nine MOTUs, with two conflicting units noted between S. clarkae + S. mitsukurii and S. albicaudus + S. cubensis. The GMYC analysis indicated an excessive division, with S. acanthias and S. mitsukurii subdivided into six MOTUs each and S. blainville, into four. These findings demonstrated that Squalus presents a complex of previously defined species, with misidentified samples deposited in databases leading to difficulties in analyzing the real distribution and diversity of species belonging to this genus. Thus, further efforts to highlight possible new species are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Barcoding and Species Delimitation for Dogfish Sharks Belonging to the Squalus Genus (Squaliformes: Squalidae)

et al. 2022

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Challenges and opportunities for innovation in bioinformed sustainable materials

Stuart-Fox,

Ng,

Barner

et al. 2023

Commun Mater

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Nature provides a rich source of information for the design of novel materials; yet there remain significant challenges in the design and manufacture of materials that replicate the form, function, and sustainability of biological solutions. Here, we identify key challenges and promising approaches to the development of materials informed by biology. These challenges fall into two main areas; the first relates to harnessing biological information for materials innovation, including key differences between biological and synthetic materials, and the relationship between structure and function. We propose an approach to materials innovation that capitalizes on biodiversity, together with high-throughput characterization of biological material architectures and properties, linked to environmental and ecological context. The second area relates to the design and manufacture of bioinformed materials, including the physical scale of material architectures and manufacturing scale up. We suggest ways to address these challenges and promising prospects for a bioinformed approach to materials innovation.

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Phylogenetic analysis of viviparity, matrotrophy, and other reproductive patterns in chondrichthyan fishes

Blackburn,

Hughes

2024

Biological Reviews

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The reproductive diversity of extant cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) is extraordinarily broad, reflecting more than 400 million years of evolutionary history. Among their many notable reproductive specialisations are viviparity (live‐bearing reproduction) and matrotrophy (maternal provision of nutrients during gestation). However, attempts to understand the evolution of these traits have yielded highly discrepant conclusions. Here, we compile and analyse the current knowledge on the evolution of reproductive diversity in Chondrichthyes with particular foci on the frequency, phylogenetic distribution, and directionality of evolutionary changes in their modes of reproduction. To characterise the evolutionary transformations, we amassed the largest empirical data set of reproductive parameters to date covering nearly 800 extant species and analysed it via a comprehensive molecular‐based phylogeny. Our phylogenetic reconstructions indicated that the ancestral pattern for Chondrichthyes is ‘short single oviparity’ (as found in extant holocephalans) in which females lay successive clutches (broods) of one or two eggs. Viviparity has originated at least 12 times, with 10 origins among sharks, one in batoids, and (based on published evidence) another potential origin in a fossil holocephalan. Substantial matrotrophy has evolved at least six times, including one origin of placentotrophy, three separate origins of oophagy (egg ingestion), and two origins of histotrophy (uptake of uterine secretions). In two clades, placentation was replaced by histotrophy. Unlike past reconstructions, our analysis reveals no evidence that viviparity has ever reverted to oviparity in this group. Both viviparity and matrotrophy have arisen by a variety of evolutionary sequences. In addition, the ancestral pattern of oviparity has given rise to three distinct egg‐laying patterns that increased clutch (brood) size and/or involved deposition of eggs at advanced stages of development. Geologically, the ancestral oviparous pattern arose in the Paleozoic. Most origins of viviparity and matrotrophy date to the Mesozoic, while a few that are represented at low taxonomic levels are of Cenozoic origin. Coupled with other recent work, this review points the way towards an emerging consensus on reproductive evolution in chondrichthyans while offering a basis for future functional and evolutionary analyses. This review also contributes to conservation efforts by highlighting taxa whose reproductive specialisations reflect distinctive evolutionary trajectories and that deserve special protection and further investigation.

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Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

DNA Barcoding and Species Delimitation for Dogfish Sharks Belonging to the Squalus Genus (Squaliformes: Squalidae)

DNA Barcoding and Species Delimitation for Dogfish Sharks Belonging to the Squalus Genus (Squaliformes: Squalidae)

Challenges and opportunities for innovation in bioinformed sustainable materials

Phylogenetic analysis of viviparity, matrotrophy, and other reproductive patterns in chondrichthyan fishes

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