Squalene Content and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Terminalia catappa</i> Leaves and Seeds

Ko, Ting-Fu; Weng, Yih‐Ming; Chiou, Robin Y.‐Y.

doi:10.1021/jf0203500

Cited by 96 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The kernels of Terminalia catappa are good sources of proteins rich in essential amino acids (22-25%), lipids (35-52%), unsaturated fatty (oleic acid and linoleic acid), and minerals among which the most important are potassium (9280±0.14 mg/100 g), calcium (827.20±2.18 mg/100 g) and magnesium (798.6±0.32 mg/100 g) (Oduro et al, 2009;Matos et al, 2009;Ezeokonkwo & Dodson, 2004;Nwosu, Dosumu, & Okocha, 2008). Studies on the nutritional value and biological activity of the kernel of Terminalia catappa revealed that it has a good digestibility, exerts a strong antioxidant activity, possesses anti-HIV properties, anti-asthma properties, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antibacterial and hepatoprotective properties (AOAC, 1975;Dorsch & Wagner, 1991;Ko, Weng, & Chiou, 2002;Ko, Weng, Lin, & Chiou, 2003;Lin, Hsu, & Lin, 1999;Nagappa, Thakurdesai, Venkat, & Singh, 2003;Teotia & Singh, 1997;Atnasooriya & Dharmasiri, 2000). In view of all this potential, it is critically important to promote processing and consumption of this tropical fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Quality of Kernels from Terminalia catappa L. and Sensory Evaluation of the Concocted Kernels

Biego¹,

Konan²,

Douati³

et al. 2012

SAR

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This study focused on the physicochemical characterization of the kernels from Terminalia catappa L. and sensory evaluation of appetizers concocted from these kernels. The results of the physicochemical analyzes were as follow: ash (4.0±0.1%), proteins (40.9±1.3%), lipids (50.6±1.0%), total sugars (1.4±0.1%), reducing sugars (0.3±0.01%) and moisture content (3.8±0.4%). Acid and peroxide values were respectively 1.3±0.2% and 6.30±0.23 meq O 2 /kg oil. Two appetizers were concocted from the fresh kernels of Terminalia catappa L: Salted Roasted Kernels (SRK) and Unsalted Roasted Kernels (URK). A comparison of sensory profiles of both appetizers showed that they were not significantly different (p<5%) for the parameters sweet and oily but different (p<5%) for the parameters salty, bitter and firm. However, the tasters' preference for the Salted Roasted Kernels was not significantly different from their preference for the Unsalted Roasted Kernels. The appetizers from Terminalia catappa L. (SRK and URK) were then compared to other appetizers readily available in markets and malls: Salted Roasted Peanuts (SRP), Unsalted Roasted Peanuts (URP), Unsalted Roasted Hazelnuts (URH) and Salted Roasted Cashew nuts (SRC). The preference order was: URH

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Quality of Kernels from Terminalia catappa L. and Sensory Evaluation of the Concocted Kernels

Biego¹,

Konan²,

Douati³

et al. 2012

SAR

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“…Effect of incubation times on oil extraction yield at 50℃ (Ko, et al, 2002). Consequently, the presence of a high content of squalene in Camellia oleifera seed oil would improve its nutraceutical value (Xu, et al, 2011).…”

Section: Regulation) (2003)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous Extraction and Nutraceuticals Content of Oil Using Industrial Enzymes from Microwave Puffing-pretreated <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Seed Powder

Zhang

2016

FSTR

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The objective of this study was to extract the oil from Camellia oleifera seeds by aqueous enzymatic oil extraction (AEOE). A novel process for extraction of oil using industrial enzymes from microwave puffingpretreated Camellia oleifera seed powder was described. The results indicated that the free oil extraction efficiency obtained with microwave-assisted extraction was very high, which the recovery yield was up to 55% (dry weight of Camellia oleifera seed). Besides, microwave pretreatment of Camellia oleifera seed increased the tocopherols (by 22.2%_ 39.4%), squalene(by 6.3% _ 29.2%) and phytosterols (by 6.7% _ 14.8%) of the oils extracted by AEOE.Moreover, a very low acid value and peroxide value of oil superior to those of oils obtained by previous works was obtained. From the obtained results, this novel process may prove to be an environment-friendly alternative to solvent extraction.Keywords: Camellia oleifera seed oil, aqueous extraction, enzyme, microwave puffing IntroductionCamellia oleifera (Theaceae) is one of the widely cultivated and important oilseed crops in China. C. oleifera seed oil is the main cooking oil in China's southern provinces, especially Hunan and Jiangxi. C. oleifera seed oil is composed mainly of unsaturated fatty acids with oleic acid (C18:1) being the predominant fatty acid (Zhang, et al., 2011). Due to its high oleic acid content and to high levels of natural antioxidants (phenols and tocopherol), C. oleifera seed oil is very resistant to peroxidation, forming few free radicals (Ye, et al., 2001). Industrial processes for the extraction of edible oil fromCamellia oleifera seeds generally involve a solvent extraction step preceded by pressing. Mechanical pressing is often associated with lower yield and more energy consumption, while the use of hexane, generally employed for oilseed extraction is being questioned because of its toxicity and flammability (Latif, et al., 2009). Safety considerations on the use of organic solvents prompted attempts in the past to develop aqueous extraction but these were unsuccessful mainly due to the low oil yields (Hagenmaier, et al., 1975).Aqueous enzymatic oil extraction (AEOE) is becoming an important alternative to hexane oil extraction, which offers many advantages compared to conventional oil extraction. With this process we can eliminate not only the use of hexane but some refining steps can also be omitted. Many papers have been published on the effects of enzymes on the extraction and characteristics of olive oil (Najafian, et al., 2009;Tabtabaei, et al., 2013). One disadvantage associated with AEOE is still a low free oil yield and a high production cost in this process,which limits industrial application of AEOE . In order to effectively increase the oil yield, some pretreatment approaches have been utilized based on aqueous enzymatic oil extraction. Sharma et al. (2006) reported that the ultrasonic pre-irradiation enhanced the oil yield from 77%to 95% (w/w) using aqueous enzymatic oil extraction from almond.Proteases improved oil extr...

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“…Relatively high levels of eicosanol (15.45%), squalene (12.51%), tocoferol derivatives (9.78%) and linoleic acid (8.52%) were detected in the samples, indicating that the coextraction of non-polyphenolic components may be affecting the antioxidant activities of the extracts. Several studies have attributed many functional properties to those compounds, which are mainly associated with their high antioxidant activity (Baldioli, Servili, Perretti, & Montedoro, 1996;Ko, Weng, & Chiou, 2002).…”

Section: Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Squalene is a triterpenic hydrocarbon, a known natural antioxidant commonly used in folk medicine to treat chronic diseases due to its antitumor and anticarcinoma activities (Ko et al, 2002). Because its main sources, shark liver and olive oils, have been extensively studied and explored, others squalene sources should be investigated.…”

Section: Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Polyphenols from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Leaves: Chemical Composition, Economic Evaluation and Chemometric Approach

Cavalcanti

Navarro-Díaz

Santos

et al. 2012

JFR

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The increasing demand for high-quality products and economically and environmentally friendly technologies, as well as restrictive legislative actions, has stimulated scientific research on the extraction, purification and identification of bioactive compounds from natural sources. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is commonly used in traditional medicine due to its pharmacological properties, such as its anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxicity, anti-lipoperoxidation, antidiabetic, anti-cancer and antimicrobial activities. The use of industrial residues as sources of bioactive compounds has emerged as an economically viable solution to the problem of solid waste treatment. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the SC-CO 2 extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate leaves, evaluating the influence of temperature (40 and 50°C) and pressure (10-30 MPa) on extraction yield (EY), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) and the cost of manufacturing (COM) of the extracts. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the dimensionality of multivariate data, making the visualization more straightforward and manageable. A high EY and TPC and low COM were obtained at the most effective operational conditions of 50°C and 30 MPa. The lack of correlation between EY-AA and TPC-AA indicated the coextraction of non-phenolic compounds. This assumption was corroborated by GC-MS analysis, which showed high levels of eicosanol, squalene, linoleic acid and tocols. Even though SC-CO 2 extraction resulted in a high TPC (257-389 mg.g -1 ) compared to the literature data, the low EY (0.21-0.67 %) and non-phenolic presence suggest that SC-CO 2 extraction may be a good purification pretreatment for the removal of non-polyphenolic compounds prior to further polyphenol extraction.

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Squalene Content and Antioxidant Activity of Terminalia catappa Leaves and Seeds

Cited by 96 publications

References 10 publications

Physicochemical Quality of Kernels from Terminalia catappa L. and Sensory Evaluation of the Concocted Kernels

Physicochemical Quality of Kernels from Terminalia catappa L. and Sensory Evaluation of the Concocted Kernels

Aqueous Extraction and Nutraceuticals Content of Oil Using Industrial Enzymes from Microwave Puffing-pretreated <i>Camellia oleifera</i> Seed Powder

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Polyphenols from Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Leaves: Chemical Composition, Economic Evaluation and Chemometric Approach

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