Spx, a versatile regulator of the Bacillus subtilis stress response

Schäfer, Heinrich; Turgay, Kürşad

doi:10.1007/s00294-019-00950-6

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…On the other hand, IsaA induction in midi Bacillus resulted in a strong downregulation of proteins belonging to the Spx, CymR, SigB, T-box, S-box, and TnrA regulons ( Fig. 9 ) ( 36 – 39 ), suggesting that the bacteria perceived IsaA production as a relatively “relaxing” activity. In contrast, some proteins belonging to the Spx and SigB regulons were upregulated upon IsaA induction in the parental strain 168.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, expression of the SigB regulon protects the cell against potentially lethal stresses, including but not limited to oxidative stress ( 53 ). Upregulation of the Spx regulon is associated with oxidative and cell envelope stresses ( 37 ), whereas the PerR regulon responds to peroxide stress. A previous study indicated upregulation of PerR-controlled genes in a Bacillus subtilis strain upon elevated levels of reactive oxygen species ( 54 ), which is the opposite of what we observed upon IsaA induction in midi Bacillus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Redirected Stress Responses in a Genome-Minimized ‘midi Bacillus ’ Strain with Enhanced Capacity for Protein Secretion

et al. 2021

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Our present study showcases a genome-minimized nonpathogenic bacterium, the so-called midi Bacillus , as a chassis for the development of future industrial strains that serve in the production of high-value difficult-to-produce proteins. In particular, we explain how midi Bacillus , which lacks about one-third of the original genome, effectively secretes a protein of the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus that cannot be produced by the parental Bacillus subtilis strain.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redirected Stress Responses in a Genome-Minimized ‘midi Bacillus ’ Strain with Enhanced Capacity for Protein Secretion

et al. 2021

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“…While Spx proteins were initially thought to be primarily regulated at the posttranslational level and functionally activated by means of a redox‐sensing CXXX motif (Schafer and Turgay, 2019), previous studies have shown that spx genes may also be under transcriptional control (Pamp et al , 2006; Shankar et al , 2015; Rojas‐Tapias and Helmann, 2018a). Using RACE‐PCR, a single transcription initiation site was identified 27 nucleotides 5′ to the translational initiation site of spxA1 smu that mapped to a putative σ A ‐type promoter (TAGCCA‐N 17 ‐TATAAT) (Figure 7a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory circuits controlling Spx levels in Streptococcus mutans

Ganguly

Kajfasz

Abranches

et al. 2020

Molecular Microbiology

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An occasional inhabitant of the dental plaque, Streptococcus mutans is regarded as the major bacterial agent responsible for the initiation and progression of dental caries (Nakano et al., 2010a; Bowen et al., 2018). Upon oral colonization, S. mutans metabolizes dietary carbohydrates to produce an acidic biofilm matrix that challenges the survival of less aciduric bacteria, which includes members of the mitis streptococci group such as Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii (Lemos and Burne, 2008). Epidemiological studies have shown that high numbers of S. mutans in saliva and plaque are closely associated with active caries whereas high numbers of mitis streptococci are normally associated with oral health (Mira et al., 2017; Banas and Drake, 2018). It follows that S. sanguinis, S. gordonii and a few other streptococci associated with oral health are net producers of H 2 O 2 that is inhibitory to the growth of S. mutans (Zhu and Kreth, 2010; Chen et al., 2019). In addition to peroxigenic oral competitors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in dental biofilms can derive from metabolic reduction of oxygen by the resident oral flora, including S. mutans' own metabolism, and from the use of oral health and tooth bleaching products (Marquis, 1995). In gram-positive bacteria, activation of oxidative stress responses is largely dependent on the activity of the global transcrip

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“…In fact, Spx is a pleiotropic regulator of Bacillus subtilis which, by interacting with the alpha subunit of the RNA polymerase, can inhibit or activate the transcription of many operons in response to disulphide stress. For example, it up-regulates the methylglyoxal metabolism while it down-regulates competence, translation, or the thiol oxidative stress response or the [ 38 – 40 ]. It also plays an important role in stress adaptation: for example, cells lacking spx are more sensitive to antibiotics or heat-shock [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we show that the presence of n-ZnO, ZnSO 4 but also of n-TiO 2 in the LB agar medium induce, in one hand, the inhibition of the stringent response and of the oxidative stress response, and, on the other hand, decreases the free thiol concentration and methylglyoxal metabolism, leading to a decrease in the extracellular concentration of methylglyoxal. Furthermore, the regulatory protein Spx is involved in the regulation of most of these physiological processes, but in an opposite manner [37,38]. In fact, Spx is a pleiotropic regulator of Bacillus subtilis which, by interacting with the alpha subunit of the RNA polymerase, can inhibit or activate the transcription of many operons in response to disulphide stress.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles alter the ability of Bacillus subtilis to fight against a stress

et al. 2020

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Due to the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, the use of nanomaterials increases over time in industrial and medical processes. We herein report the negative impact of nanoparticles, using solid growth conditions mimicking a biofilm, on the ability of Bacillus subtilis to fight against a stress. Bacteria have been exposed to sublethal doses of nanoparticles corresponding to conditions that bacteria may meet in their natural biotopes, the upper layer of soil or the gut microbiome. The analysis of the proteomic data obtained by shotgun mass spectrometry have shown that several metabolic pathways are affected in response to nanoparticles, n-ZnO or n-TiO 2 , or zinc salt: the methyglyoxal and thiol metabolisms, the oxidative stress and the stringent responses. Nanoparticles being embedded in the agar medium, these impacts are the consequence of a physiological adaptation rather than a physical cell injury. Overall, these results show that nanoparticles, by altering bacterial physiology and especially the ability to resist to a stress, may have profound influences on a "good bacteria", Bacillus subtilis, in its natural biotope and moreover, on the global equilibrium of this biotope.

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Spx, a versatile regulator of the Bacillus subtilis stress response

Cited by 16 publications

References 70 publications

Redirected Stress Responses in a Genome-Minimized ‘midi Bacillus ’ Strain with Enhanced Capacity for Protein Secretion

Redirected Stress Responses in a Genome-Minimized ‘midi Bacillus ’ Strain with Enhanced Capacity for Protein Secretion

Regulatory circuits controlling Spx levels in Streptococcus mutans

ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles alter the ability of Bacillus subtilis to fight against a stress

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