Sputtering of beryllium, tungsten, tungsten oxide and mixed W–C layers by deuterium ions in the near-threshold energy range

Guseva, M. I.; Суворов, А. Л.; Korshunov, S. N.; Lazarev, N. E.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(98)00819-8

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[147][148][149] In this method, a sharp needle is fabricated out of the material to be studied, and it is placed under a high electric field in ultrahigh vacuum. The field gradient at the needle tip is high enough ͑of the order of 10 GV/m͒ to lead to field evaporation of ions from the sample.…”

Section: Experimental Techniques Used To Identify Defects In Nanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion and electron irradiation-induced effects in nanostructured materials

Krasheninnikov¹,

Nordlund²

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

935

591

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A common misconception is that the irradiation of solids with energetic electrons and ions has exclusively detrimental effects on the properties of target materials. In addition to the well-known cases of doping of bulk semiconductors and ion beam nitriding of steels, recent experiments show that irradiation can also have beneficial effects on nanostructured systems. Electron or ion beams may serve as tools to synthesize nanoclusters and nanowires, change their morphology in a controllable manner, and tailor their mechanical, electronic, and even magnetic properties. Harnessing irradiation as a tool for modifying material properties at the nanoscale requires having the full microscopic picture of defect production and annealing in nanotargets. In this article, we review recent progress in the understanding of effects of irradiation on various zero-dimensional and one-dimensional nanoscale systems, such as semiconductor and metal nanoclusters and nanowires, nanotubes, and fullerenes. We also consider the two-dimensional nanosystem graphene due to its similarity with carbon nanotubes. We dwell on both theoretical and experimental results and discuss at length not only the physics behind irradiation effects in nanostructures but also the technical applicability of irradiation for the engineering of nanosystems.

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Section: Experimental Techniques Used To Identify Defects In Nanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion and electron irradiation-induced effects in nanostructured materials

Krasheninnikov¹,

Nordlund²

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

935

591

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“…Other important properties tungsten offers include high thermal conductivity [3], good thermo-mechanical properties (e.g. creep resistance) [4], low sputtering yield [5], and resistance to radiation damage [6]. Unavoidably, the high operation temperatures during operation in fusion reactors will induce changes in mechanical properties due to recovery, recrystallization and grain growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal stability of a highly-deformed warm-rolled tungsten plate in the temperature range 1100–1250 °C

Alfonso

Jensen

Luo

et al. 2015

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Pure tungsten is considered as armor material for the most critical parts of fusion reactors (i.e. the divertor and the first wall), among other reasons due to its high melting point (3422 °C) and recrystallization temperature. The thermal stability of a pure tungsten plate warm-rolled to a high plastic strain by 90% thickness reduction was investigated by isothermal annealing for up to 190 h in the temperature range between 1100 °C and 1250 °C. Vickers hardness testing allowed tracking the changes in mechanical properties caused by recovery and recrystallization. The hardness evolution could be rationalized in terms of a logarithmic recovery kinetics and a Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov recrystallization kinetics accounting for an incubation time of recrystallization. The observed time spans for recrystallization and the corresponding recrystallization activation energy for this highly deformed plate suggest that large plastic deformations (e.g. applied during shaping) are only suitable to produce tungsten components to be used at relatively low temperatures (up to 900 °C for a 2 years lifespan). Higher operation temperatures will lead to fast degradation of the microstructure during operation.

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“…It is expected that the tungsten components of the divertor will undergo erosion only under plasma disruptions [2], since tungsten is characterized by a high energy threshold of the physical sputtering [3,4]. In the given research the tungsten sputtering by 5-eV deuterons in the temperature range from 1210 K to 1470 K was studied under conditions simulating the ITER gaseous divertor operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%