Sputter deposition and surface treatment of TiO2 films for dye-sensitized solar cells using reactive RF plasma

Sung, Youl-Moon; Kim, Hee-Je

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2006.10.079

Cited by 95 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Anatase TiO 2 is considered one of the best photocatalysts with high activity and non-toxic properties 5 , furthermore, it exhibits high chemical reactivity and stability under UV illumination 2 , which leads to greater possibilities for practical application as antibacterial agents [2][3][4][5] , self-cleaning surfaces 7 , organic photo degradation 8,6 , and hydrogen generation by the splitting of water, termed solar-hydrogen 6,9,10 . In addition, depending of phase and preparation conditions, anatase TiO 2 has high durability, high refractive index (n = 2.3), high resistivity and dielectric constant 11 k, with values from 30 to 100, so it is suitable for applications in optical wave-guides 12 , antireflection coatings 13 , photochemical solar cells 14,15 and gas sensors 11,12 . Photons with energy equal or higher than the energy band gap (~3.2eV) are able to generate electron/hole pairs 7 and have energy high enough to initiate redox and oxidation reactions 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to improve and expand upon the range of applications some modifications have been studied and several approaches have been proposed: First, to reduce the band gap of TiO 2 with the intention of improving the light absorption in the visible region, studies have been conducted involving doping with metallic and non-metallic impurities [4][5][6]18 Recent investigations have included the use of practical and economical substrates such as metallic materials 5,15,16,20 . The particular properties of metals, such as its conductivity, flexibility, mechanical robustness and capacity to be shaped easily can change the photocatalytic characteristics and expand the possibility for practical application 7,16 , such as self-cleaning surfaces, antibacterial agents, photo degradation of organics, use in the manufacture of components introduced in hospital equipment, utensils for food preparation and air conditioning 11,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods have been used successfully to deposit TiO 2 thin films, including the sol-gel 21 method by hydrolysis of Ti(OiPr) 4 , followed by calcination at 500-600 o C, chemical vapor deposition 2,4,10 (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical bath deposition (CBD), reactive sputtering and atomic layer deposition (ALD) 8,14,19,22,23 . Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) routes have been used to grow TiO 2 on a diverse range of substrates 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) routes have been used to grow TiO 2 on a diverse range of substrates 14 . It has been shown 8,25 that, with a deposition temperature greater than 400 o C, TiO 2 films are polycrystalline, whilst temperatures lower than 400 o C lead to an amorphous structure and that the structural phase grown depends on the physical and chemical characteristics of the substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deposition of TiO2 Film on Duplex Stainless Steel Substrate Using the Cathodic Cage Plasma Technique

et al. 2016

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This research used the "cathodic cage (CC)" technique for TiO 2 film deposition on duplex stainless steel substrate. This technique uses a multiple hollow cathode effect. Duplex stainless steel substrates were treated at temperatures of 300 o C, 350 o C and 400 o C, giving a temperature value ratio (T s /T m ) of 0.27 to 0.31 (Ts being the substrate temperature and Tm the melting temperature of the deposited material). Treatment times of 1, 2 and 4 hours were administered and polycrystalline TiO 2 films were obtained. The films were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). During analysis, the formation of uniform films and the possibility of controlling the TiO 2 phase were observed. It was also shown that with longer treatment times and higher temperatures the rutile phase predominates. For treatment times of 4 hours at all temperatures, the rutile structure was present. With treatment times of less than 4 hours, anatase was present. In addition, results showed that this simple, low cost technique can be an alternative method for depositions of TiO 2 films, with the advantage of high levels of control over porosity, thickness and phase composition (anatase and rutile).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deposition of TiO2 Film on Duplex Stainless Steel Substrate Using the Cathodic Cage Plasma Technique

et al. 2016

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“…Thus, it is difficult to further improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the DSCs using either FTO or ITO. Meanwhile, ITiO has not only a low sheet resistance but also high electron mobility and near-IR transmittance, as reported in previous work [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Comparison of transparent conductive indium tin oxide, titanium-doped indium oxide, and fluorine-doped tin oxide films for dye-sensitized solar cell application

Kwak¹,

Moon²,

Lee³

et al. 2011

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

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-In this study, we investigate the photovoltaic performance of transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO), titanium-doped indium oxide (ITiO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) films. ITO and ITiO films are prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on soda-lime glass substrate at 300 °C, and the FTO film used is a commercial product. We measure the X-ray diffraction patterns, AFM micrographs, transmittance, sheet resistances after heat treatment, and transparent conductive characteristics of each film. The value of electrical resistivity and optical transmittance of the ITiO films was 4.15×10 -4 Ω-cm. The near-infrared ray transmittance of ITiO is the highest for wavelengths over 1,000 nm, which can increase dye sensitization compared to ITO and FTO. The photoconversion efficiency (η) of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) sample using ITiO was 5.64%, whereas it was 2.73% and 6.47% for DSC samples with ITO and FTO, respectively, both at 100 mW/cm 2 light intensity.

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Theoretical validation of experimental properties of TiO₂ prepared through organometallic precursors

Doubi

Hartiti

Siadat

et al. 2023

Applied Organom Chemis

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Our TiO 2 thin films were elaborated using spray pyrolysis technique. The spray solutions were prepared by two titanium precursors: titanium (IV) propoxide and titanium chloride. The elaborated thin films were analyzed with different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-visible spectroscopy.These characterizations showed that the change of precursors from titanium chloride to titanium propoxide has a significant impact on all TiO 2 properties.The structural characterizations showed the formation of anatase TiO 2 and the crystallization improvement when the precursor changed from titanium chloride to titanium (IV) propoxide, which proves the superiority of our TiO 2 thin layers made without any type of annealing in comparison with other previous studies. The SEM images showed an improvement of the surface quality of the TiO 2 thin layers with the change of TiO 2 precursors' solution. The obtained optical properties confirmed the semiconducting properties of TiO 2 prepared by titanium propoxide with a large band gap equal to 3.28 eV and shifted to 3.18 eV. The refractive index increases from $1.75 to $2.14, while the porosity decreases. To confirm the experimental results, the Wien2K code, founded on the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW), has been used. The theoretical study has been done by applying the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), the modified Beck-Johnson (MBJ) exchange potential, and the local spin density approximation + Hubbard's parameter U (LSDA + U). The theoretical results varied with the variation of approximations. The obtained properties were improved with LSDA + U and acquired the real values of Eg, n, and k for anatase TiO 2 (like Eg = 3.214 eV). The obtained experimental and theoretical results could be considered superposable or better than other ones recently published.

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Sputter deposition and surface treatment of TiO2 films for dye-sensitized solar cells using reactive RF plasma

Cited by 95 publications

References 7 publications

Deposition of TiO2 Film on Duplex Stainless Steel Substrate Using the Cathodic Cage Plasma Technique

Deposition of TiO2 Film on Duplex Stainless Steel Substrate Using the Cathodic Cage Plasma Technique

Comparison of transparent conductive indium tin oxide, titanium-doped indium oxide, and fluorine-doped tin oxide films for dye-sensitized solar cell application

Theoretical validation of experimental properties of TiO₂ prepared through organometallic precursors

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Sputter deposition and surface treatment of TiO2 films for dye-sensitized solar cells using reactive RF plasma

Cited by 95 publications

References 7 publications

Deposition of TiO2 Film on Duplex Stainless Steel Substrate Using the Cathodic Cage Plasma Technique

Deposition of TiO2 Film on Duplex Stainless Steel Substrate Using the Cathodic Cage Plasma Technique

Comparison of transparent conductive indium tin oxide, titanium-doped indium oxide, and fluorine-doped tin oxide films for dye-sensitized solar cell application

Theoretical validation of experimental properties of TiO2 prepared through organometallic precursors

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Theoretical validation of experimental properties of TiO₂ prepared through organometallic precursors