Spumaretroviruses: Updated taxonomy and nomenclature

Khan, Arifa S.; Bodem, Jochen; Buseyne, Florence; Gessain, Antoine; Johnson, Welkin E.; Kuhn, Jens H.; Kuźmak, Jacek; Lindemann, Dirk; Linial, Maxine L.; Löchelt, Martin; Materniak-Kornas, Magdalena; Soares, Marcelo A.; Switzer, William M.

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.035

Cited by 52 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The strain name was added for unique sequences (e.g., ggo_huBAK82). Abbreviations are as reported in a recent taxonomy and nomenclature report (19).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunodominant and Conserved B-Cell Epitope in the Envelope of Simian Foamy Virus Recognized by Humans Infected with Zoonotic Strains from Apes

Lambert

Batalie

Montange

et al. 2019

J Virol

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Cross-species transmission of simian foamy viruses (SFVs) from nonhuman primates (NHPs) to humans is currently ongoing. These zoonotic retroviruses establish lifelong persistent infection in their human hosts. SFV are apparently nonpathogenic in vivo, with ubiquitous in vitro tropism. Here, we aimed to identify envelope B-cell epitopes that are recognized following a zoonotic SFV infection. We screened a library of 169 peptides covering the external portion of the envelope from the prototype foamy virus (SFVpsc_huHSRV.13) for recognition by samples from 52 Central African hunters (16 uninfected and 36 infected with chimpanzee, gorilla, or Cercopithecus SFV). We demonstrate the specific recognition of peptide N 96 -V 110 located in the leader peptide, gp18 LP . Forty-three variant peptides with truncations, alanine substitutions, or amino acid changes found in other SFV species were tested. We mapped the epitope between positions 98 and 108 and defined six amino acids essential for recognition. Most plasma samples from SFV-infected humans cross-reacted with sequences from apes and Old World monkey SFV species. The magnitude of binding to peptide N 96 -V 110 was significantly higher for samples of individuals infected with a chimpanzee or gorilla SFV than those infected with a Cercopithecus SFV. In conclusion, we have been the first to define an immunodominant B-cell epitope recognized by humans following zoonotic SFV infection. IMPORTANCE Foamy viruses are the oldest known retroviruses and have been mostly described to be nonpathogenic in their natural animal hosts. SFVs can be transmitted to humans, in whom they establish persistent infection, like the simian lenti-and deltaviruses that led to the emergence of two major human pathogens, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. This is the first identification of an SFV-specific B-cell epitope recognized by human plasma samples. The immunodominant epitope lies in gp18 LP , probably at the base of the envelope trimers. The NHP species the most genetically related to humans transmitted SFV strains that induced the strongest antibody responses. Importantly, this epitope is well conserved across SFV species that infect African and Asian NHPs.

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“…The strain name was added for unique sequences (e.g., ggo_huBAK82). Abbreviations are as reported in a recent taxonomy and nomenclature report (19).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunodominant and Conserved B-Cell Epitope in the Envelope of Simian Foamy Virus Recognized by Humans Infected with Zoonotic Strains from Apes

Lambert

Batalie

Montange

et al. 2019

J Virol

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“…Foamy viruses (FVs), also known as spumaviruses, are the least known subfamily of Retroviridae [1]. Some features of their replication pathway and complex genomic organization distinguish them from other retroviruses [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection with Foamy Virus in Wild Ruminants—Evidence for a New Virus Reservoir?

Materniak-Kornas

Löchelt

Rola

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Foamy viruses (FVs) are widely distributed and infect many animal species including non-human primates, horses, cattle, and cats. Several reports also suggest that other species can be FV hosts. Since most of such studies involved livestock or companion animals, we aimed to test blood samples from wild ruminants for the presence of FV-specific antibodies and, subsequently, genetic material. Out of 269 serum samples tested by ELISA with the bovine foamy virus (BFV) Gag and Bet antigens, 23 sera showed increased reactivity to at least one of them. High reactive sera represented 30% of bison samples and 7.5% of deer specimens. Eleven of the ELISA-positives were also strongly positive in immunoblot analyses. The peripheral blood DNA of seroreactive animals was tested by semi-nested PCR. The specific 275 bp fragment of the pol gene was amplified only in one sample collected from a red deer and the analysis of its sequence showed the highest homology for European BFV isolates. Such results may suggest the existence of a new FV reservoir in bison as well as in deer populations. Whether the origin of such infections stems from a new FV or is the result of BFV inter-species transmission remains to be clarified.

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“…The family of Retroviridae is divided into two subfamilies: The Spumaretrovirinae consist of five genera of different spuma or foamy viruses with shared and unique features that separate them from the canonical Orthoretrovirinae, which comprise all other known exogenous retroviruses ( Figure 1) [1]. The number of research groups working on FVs is correspondingly small and even further split by their individual research focus or the FV isolate or host species used in their studies but also due to the sheer difference in numbers and an apparent lack of pathogenicity of foamy viruses (FV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Materniak-Kornas

Tan

Heit-Mondrzyk

et al. 2019

Viruses

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The retroviral subfamily of Spumaretrovirinae consists of five genera of foamy (spuma) viruses (FVs) that are endemic in some mammalian hosts. Closely related species may be susceptible to the same or highly related FVs. FVs are not known to induce overt disease and thus do not pose medical problems to humans and livestock or companion animals. A robust lab animal model is not available or is a lab animal a natural host of a FV. Due to this, research is limited and often focused on the simian FVs with their well-established zoonotic potential. The authors of this review and their groups have conducted several studies on bovine FV (BFV) in the past with the intention of (i) exploring the risk of zoonotic infection via beef and raw cattle products, (ii) studying a co-factorial role of BFV in different cattle diseases with unclear etiology, (iii) exploring unique features of FV molecular biology and replication strategies in non-simian FVs, and (iv) conducting animal studies and functional virology in BFV-infected calves as a model for corresponding studies in primates or small lab animals. These studies gained new insights into FV-host interactions, mechanisms of gene expression, and transcriptional regulation, including miRNA biology, host-directed restriction of FV replication, spread and distribution in the infected animal, and at the population level. The current review attempts to summarize these findings in BFV and tries to connect them to findings from other FVs.

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Spumaretroviruses: Updated taxonomy and nomenclature

Cited by 52 publications

References 71 publications

An Immunodominant and Conserved B-Cell Epitope in the Envelope of Simian Foamy Virus Recognized by Humans Infected with Zoonotic Strains from Apes

An Immunodominant and Conserved B-Cell Epitope in the Envelope of Simian Foamy Virus Recognized by Humans Infected with Zoonotic Strains from Apes

Infection with Foamy Virus in Wild Ruminants—Evidence for a New Virus Reservoir?

Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo

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