Spruce budworm biological and nutritional performance responses to varying levels of monoterpenes

Kumbaşlı, Meriç; Bauce, Éric

doi:10.3832/ifor0956-006

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…In a monoterpene study done on balsam fir, mortality rates were significantly higher for α‐pinene and Δ 3 ‐carene at concentrations similar to that in foliage, whereas mortality was higher in individuals when bornyl acetate and camphene were supplemented at concentrations exceeding those found in foliage (Kumbasli & Bauce, ). However, they used female L6 in their study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conifers, some of these compounds are well known, and they can impact herbivore fitness, including that of SBW. For example, monoterpenes are naturally produced secondary metabolites in conifers, and some have an impact on survival and development rates of SBW when added to artificial diets of female sixth instars (L6) (Kumbasli & Bauce, ). In white spruce, Delvas et al () demonstrated the presence of the phenolic acetophenones (piceol and pungenol) as well as their glucosylated precursors, picein and pungenin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of a direct chemical plant defense role for maltol against spruce budworm

Williams

Eveleigh

Forbes

et al. 2019

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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This study examines the direct chemical defensive role of maltol, a previously identified secondary metabolite found in balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (Pinaceae), that was detected during herbivory of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Although used extensively in many industries, in addition to being found in multiple plant species, its functional role in plants remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to quantify the amount of free maltol and its potential conjugated form, maltol glucoside, in various foliage age classes and to evaluate whether constitutive foliage levels of maltol have an impact on spruce budworm fitness in maltol supplementation assays. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of balsam fir foliage showed that maltol is produced in all foliage age classes tested; however, concentrations were significantly higher in older foliage. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS‐MS) analysis showed that maltol also exists in balsam fir in its glucosylated form, a unique discovery in conifers. Similar to maltol, maltol glucoside is also present in current and 1‐year‐old balsam fir foliage and in significantly higher concentration in older foliage. We investigated the impact of maltol‐treated diet on spruce budworm fitness. Maltol additions that reflected constitutive foliage concentrations caused a significant reduction in larval development rate and pupal mass, whereas higher concentrations were required to cause significant mortality. These results suggest that maltol may be an important component of a direct defense strategy in balsam fir against spruce budworm herbivory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of a direct chemical plant defense role for maltol against spruce budworm

Williams

Eveleigh

Forbes

et al. 2019

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…There are reports of decreased digestibility of monoterpene‐rich foliage by C. fumiferana , without a decrease in consumption rate, suggesting a postingestive toxic effect (Carisey & Bauce, ; Fuentealba & Bauce, ). However, experiments with monoterpenes added to artificial diet variously show effects on performance to be either negative at physiological concentrations (Kumbasli & Bauce, ), negative at extreme concentrations only (Mattson et al ., ; Clancy, ), absent (Mattson et al ., ) or even positive (Cates et al ., ). Thus the toxicity of monoterpenes to caterpillars remains unproven, and their mode of action is unclear (Gershenzon & Dudareva, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spruce budworm feeding and oviposition are stimulated by monoterpenes in white spruce epicuticular waxes

Ennis¹,

Despland²,

Chen³

et al. 2016

Insect Science

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Monoterpenes, source of the distinctive odor of conifers, are generally considered plant defensive compounds. However, they are also known to act as long-range insect attractants, as they are volatile and permeate forest airspaces. Moreover, they are lipid soluble and can be absorbed into plant epicuticular waxes. We test their role in short-range host plant choice by both adult females and larvae of a folivorous forest pest (Choristoneura fumiferana). We conducted laboratory assays testing the responses of Eastern spruce budworm to an artificial monoterpene mix (α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, myrcene) and to white spruce (Picea glauca) epicuticular waxes in closed arenas. Ovipositing females preferred filter paper discs treated with P. glauca waxes to controls, and preferred the waxes + monoterpenes treatment to waxes alone. However, females showed no preference between the monoterpene-treated disc and the control when presented without waxes. Feeding larvae prefered wax discs to control discs. They also consumed discs treated with realistic monoterpene concentrations and wax preferentially over wax-only discs, but showed no preference between extremely high monoterpene concentrations and wax-only controls. In an insect-free assay, P. glauca epicuticular wax decreased monoterpene volatilization. These results suggest that P. glauca waxes and realistic concentrations of monoterpenes are stimulatory to both egg-laying females and feeding larvae, and that their effects are synergistic.

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“…It appears that both constitutive and induced monoterpenes are important in defense against several xylophages (Huber et al 2004, Keeling and Bohlmann 2006, Keeling 2016. Several monoterpenes, notably δ-3-carene and bornyl acetate, have been suggested to be toxic to the spruce budworm at high concentrations (Kumbasli andBauce 2013, Fuentealba andBauce 2012). Monoterpenes are also known to be active against fungi and gram-negative bacteria (Novak et al 2014), and could protect against pathogens both at the leaf surface and within leaf airspaces (Martin et al 2003).…”

Section: Functional Role Of Foliar Monoterpenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that monoterpenes are toxic to folivores (Kumbasli and Bauce 2013), but performance experiments give ambiguous results (Mattson et al 1991, Gershenzon andDudareva 2007). Both herbivory (Litvak and Monson 1998) and treatment with MeJA (Martin et al 2003b) lead to an increase in foliar monoterpene synthesis, but foliar pools remain stable because of an increased emission of the newly produced compounds.…”

Section: R a F T Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do white spruce epicuticular wax monoterpenes follow foliar patterns?

et al. 2016

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We examine the extent to which foliar monoterpenes are trapped in the epicuticular waxes as part of an investigation into their role in natural defense against folivores. We monitored concentrations in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) previous-year foliage and expanding foliage and their epicuticular waxes over the 2010 (14 trees) and 2011 (25 trees) growing seasons. In 2010, concentrations were low in the spring and increased over the summer; in 2011, they stayed low. The monoterpene profile of individual trees was similar between years and showed a consistent pattern over the growing season; in expanding foliage, δ-3-carene was only present in spring, whereas bornyl acetate increased over the growing season. Individual wax monoterpene profiles correlated with those of foliage, but the total concentration showed a different phenological pattern. Total content remained constant throughout the growing season on previous-year foliage but decreased on expanding foliage. Electron microscopy suggests this is due to changes in stomatal wax plugs and their role in blocking evaporation from the stomata. These findings suggest that insects contacting the leaf surface will receive accurate information from the wax chemical composition about the monoterpene mix but not about overall monoterpene levels.

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Spruce budworm biological and nutritional performance responses to varying levels of monoterpenes

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Evidence of a direct chemical plant defense role for maltol against spruce budworm

Evidence of a direct chemical plant defense role for maltol against spruce budworm

Spruce budworm feeding and oviposition are stimulated by monoterpenes in white spruce epicuticular waxes

Do white spruce epicuticular wax monoterpenes follow foliar patterns?

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