Sprinting technique and hamstring strain injuries: A concept mapping study

Kalema, Rudy N; Duhig, Steven; Williams, Morgan; Donaldson, Alex; Shield, Anthony

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2021.09.007

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Regarding the mechanical influences on HSI, coaches and practitioners have rated certain kinematic parameters as “highly important” for hamstring injury prevention [ 22 ]. Parameters include an overstride running pattern, anterior pelvic tilt, lumbo-pelvic control, lumbar extension, back kicking of the trailing leg and trunk forward lean [ 22 ]. However, the mechanism by which such parameters may influence hamstring strain has not previously been detailed.…”

Section: Kinematic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Role of Sprint Biomechanics in Hamstring Strain Injuries: A Current Opinion on Existing Concepts and Evidence

Bramah,

Mendiguchia,

Dos’Santos

et al. 2023

Sports Med

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Hamstring strain injuries are one of the most common injuries in sprint-based sports with the mechanism of injury considered the result of an interaction between applied mechanical strain and the capacity of the muscle to tolerate strain. To date, injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies have frequently focused on enhancing the capacity of the hamstrings to tolerate strain, with little consideration of factors directly influencing mechanical strain. Sprint running biomechanics are one factor proposed to influence the mechanical strain applied to the hamstrings that may be modified (towards reduced strain) within rehabilitation and injury prevention programs. This article aims to explore the theoretical mechanistic link between sprint running mechanics and hamstring strain injury, along with the available supporting evidence. In doing so, it hopes to provide practitioners with an understanding of mechanical parameters that may influence hamstring strain injury whilst also identifying areas for further research exploration.

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Section: Kinematic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Role of Sprint Biomechanics in Hamstring Strain Injuries: A Current Opinion on Existing Concepts and Evidence

Bramah,

Mendiguchia,

Dos’Santos

et al. 2023

Sports Med

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“… 3 , 14 , 15 In addition, biomechanical factors are believed to play a role in developing HSIs within team sports. 14 , 22 Although data from both prospective and retrospective investigations 8 , 43 support the associations between the two, research primarily utilizes 3D MoCap. This technology is undoubtedly the gold standard of biomechanical assessments; however, it lacks clinical utility in-field and is not conducive for large mass athlete screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, individual items forming the score were selected based on findings from published qualitative investigations that explored the opinions of coaches and practitioners on kinematic features influencing HSIs. 22 Second, a literature review was conducted to identify parameters with a mechanistic link influencing hamstring tissue stress/strain and/or previous published associations with HSI. 2 This led to an initial draft of the S-MAS, with operational definitions used to visualize parameters based on values published in previous literature detailing maximal velocity sprint running mechanics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sprint Mechanics Assessment Score: A Qualitative Screening Tool for the In-field Assessment of Sprint Running Mechanics

Bramah,

Tawiah-Dodoo,

Rhodes

et al. 2024

Am J Sports Med

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Background: Qualitative movement screening tools provide a practical method of assessing mechanical patterns associated with potential injury development. Biomechanics play a role in hamstring strain injury and are recommended as a consideration within injury screening and rehabilitation programs. However, no methods are available for the in-field assessment of sprint running mechanics associated with hamstring strain injuries. Purpose: To investigate the intra- and interrater reliability of a novel screening tool assessing in-field sprint running mechanics titled the Sprint Mechanics Assessment Score (S-MAS) and present normative S-MAS data to facilitate the interpretation of performance standards for future assessment uses. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Maximal sprint running trials (35 m) were recorded from 136 elite soccer players using a slow-motion camera. All videos were scored using the S-MAS by a single assessor. Videos from 36 players (18 men and 18 women) were rated by 2 independent assessors blinded to each other's results to establish interrater reliability. One assessor scored all videos in a randomized order 1 week later to establish intrarater reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) based on single measures using a 2-way mixed-effects model, with absolute agreement with 95% CI and kappa coefficients with percentage agreements, were used to assess the reliability of the overall score and individual score items, respectively. T-scores were calculated from the means and standard deviations of the male and female groups to present normative data values. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to assess between-sex differences and between-limb differences, respectively. Results: The S-MAS showed good intrarater (ICC, 0.828 [95% CI, 0.688-0.908]) and interrater (ICC, 0.799 [95% CI, 0.642-0.892]) reliability, with a standard error of measurement of 1 point. Kappa coefficients for individual score items demonstrated moderate to substantial intra- and interrater agreement for most parameters, with percentage agreements ranging from 75% to 88.8% for intrarater and 66.6% to 88.8% for interrater reliability. No significant sex differences were observed for overall scores, with mean values of 4.2 and 3.8 for men and women, respectively ( P = .27). Conclusion: The S-MAS is a new tool developed for assessing sprint running mechanics associated with lower limb injuries in male and female soccer players. The reliable and easy-to-use nature of the S-MAS means that this method can be integrated into practice, potentially aiding future injury screening and research looking to identify athletes who may demonstrate mechanical patterns potentially associated with hamstring strain injuries.

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“…The two cases of action mentioned above, such as significantly greater anterior pelvic tilt or thoracic lateral flexion, both contain the sudden appearance or persistence of mis-takes or abnormalities in action, and were deemed as an irrefutable factor contributing to the injury and re-injury [81][82][83]. However, this viewpoint is subject to be supported by experimental evidence.…”

Section: Possible Performance Of Motor Control During Hamstrings Acut...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hamstrings on Morphological Structure Characteristics, Stress Features, and Risk of Injuries: A Narrative Review

Shi

Sun

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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Hamstring injury has been considered one of the most common exercise-induced injuries in sports. Hamstring injuries mostly occur proximal to the biceps femoris. However, the reasons and mechanisms remain unclear. To summarize hamstring morphological structure features and what the relationship is between their structure and risk of injury from the current literature, this review discussed the possible injury mechanism of hamstrings, from the morphological and connected pattern diversity, the mechanical properties, and the stress–strain performance, to probable changes in action control. Morphological and connected pattern diversity of hamstrings components show heterogeneous loads under muscle tension. Connections of gradient compliance between different tissues may lead to materials’ susceptibility to detachments near the tendon–bone junction sites under heterogeneous load conditions. The hamstrings muscle’s motor function insufficiency also brings the risk of injury when it performs multi-functional movements during exercise due to the span of multiple joints’ anatomical characteristics. These structural features may be the primary reason why most damage occurs near these sites. The role of these biomechanical characteristics should be appreciated by exercise specialists to effectively prevent hamstring injuries. Future work in this research should be aimed at exploring the most effective prevention programs based on the material structure and motor control to enhance the properties of hamstring muscle materials to minimize the risk of injury.

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Sprinting technique and hamstring strain injuries: A concept mapping study

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Exploring the Role of Sprint Biomechanics in Hamstring Strain Injuries: A Current Opinion on Existing Concepts and Evidence

Exploring the Role of Sprint Biomechanics in Hamstring Strain Injuries: A Current Opinion on Existing Concepts and Evidence

The Sprint Mechanics Assessment Score: A Qualitative Screening Tool for the In-field Assessment of Sprint Running Mechanics

Hamstrings on Morphological Structure Characteristics, Stress Features, and Risk of Injuries: A Narrative Review

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