Sprint Variables Are Associated with the Odds Ratios of Non-Contact Injuries in Professional Soccer Players

Abstract

Significant evidence has emerged that a high volume of sprinting during training is associated with an increased risk of non-contact injuries in professional soccer players. Training load has been reported as a modifiable risk factor for successive injury in soccer. Sprint workload measures and non-contact injuries were recorded weekly in twenty-one professional soccer players over a one season period. Odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) were calculated based on the weeks of high and low load of total distance (TD), high-speed distance (HSD), sprint distance (SPD). and repeated sprints (RS). The Poisson distribution estimated the interval time between the last injury and the new injury. The weeks with high-load levels increased the risk of non-contact injury associated with TD (OR: 4.1; RR: 2.4), HSD (OR: 4.6; RR: 2.6), SPD (OR: 6.9; RR: 3.7), and RS (OR: 4.3; RR: 2.7). The time between injuries was significantly longer in weeks of low-load in TD (rate ratio time (RRT) 1.5 vs. 4.2), HSD (RRT: 1.6 vs. 4.6), and SPD (RRT: 1.7 vs. 7.7) compared to weeks of high-load. The findings highlight an increased risk of non-contact injuries during high weekly sprint workloads. Possibly, TD, HSD, and SPD measured via a wearable inertial measurement unit could be modeled to track training and to reduce non-contact injuries. Finally, the interval time between the last injury and the new injury at the high-load is shorter than the low-load.

Effect of Combined Balance Exercises and Kinesio Taping on Balance, Postural Stability, and Severity of Ankle Instability in Female Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability

“…The nervous system is responsible for controlling body position and movements through feedback and feed forward mechanisms. It is well established that dynamic stability of the ankle joint is usually controlled by the feed forward mechanism, which uses the visual, auditory, and tactile senses, as well as previous experience and internal models, to maintain body position and movements [3,[12][13][14]. The changes in neuromuscular control could affect postural stability in patients with chronic ankle instability [15].…”

“…It has been shown that with FAI, feed forward neuromuscular control is more important and can be influenced by exercise interventions [17,18]. Balance exercises are one of the significant interventions to reduce ankle injuries and rehabilitation [14,19]. Wobble or balance board exercises are usually effective in the rehabilitation of those with ankle instability problems [20].…”

Acute and Chronic Workload Ratios of Perceived Exertion, Global Positioning System, and Running-Based Variables Between Starters and Non-starters: A Male Professional Team Study

“…The criteria to define starters and non-starters were assessed week by week to a player’s attendance time in three consecutive matches (≥60 min in each match), while non-starters were considered those who did not achieve this duration based on previous studies ( Martins et al, 2021 ; Nobari et al, 2020 , 2021c ; Oliveira et al, 2021a , b ).…”

Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit to Measure External Load: A Full-Season Study in Professional Soccer Players

“…The following stages were performed in the BL calculation for each acceleration level: initialize the BL count to 0; calculate the magnitude of the acceleration vector (V) for the current acceleration (V = ax2 + ay2 + az2); and normalize the magnitude vector (NV) by subtracting a national 1 G (NV = V − 1.0 G). Following that, the unscaled BL (USBL) was calculated using the formula USBLC = NV + [NV3] [51]; after that, the scaled BL (SBLC) was computed using the accelerometer logging rate (100 HZ) and exercise factor (EF) (SBLC = USBLC/100/EF); finally, the final BL (BL = BL + SBLC) was determined [52]. BL had replaced the original GPSports.…”

“…In this study, BL was used as the criterion for the training load. For calculating training load parameters in order [51]:…”