Sprint Start Regulation in Athletics: A Critical Review

Milloz, Matthieu; Hayes, Kevin; Harrison, Andrew J.

doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01350-4

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Sprint is one of the track and field events. Sprint is a highdifficulty movement completed under the condition of a large number of hypoxia in human organs and the visceral system [1]. Sprint provides energy by anaerobic metabolism, which is the acceleration movement after the start.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Real-Time Detection of Sprint Error Based on Visual Features and Internet of Things

Chen

2021

Security and Communication Networks

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The current sprint error detection methods do not consider the analysis of the visual characteristics of sprint error, which leads to low detection accuracy, long detection time, and poor detection stability. To overcome this defect, inspired by Internet of Things technology, a real-time sprint error detection method based on visual characteristics is proposed. Based on the basic principle of RFID action perception, the original phase data is preprocessed, the channel parameters are selected, and the tag layout is optimized to form the action-oriented feature. Based on the three-dimensional visual features, the three-dimensional coordinate points of the sports field are determined, and the movement features of the sprint are extracted and formally described. Based on the analysis of the visual characteristics of sprint errors, the block pheromones of single frame sprint motion edge contour are obtained for clustering, and the sprint errors’ feature information is obtained and filtered. Sift technology is used to obtain the boundary contour line and implement the corner characteristics. The Hessian matrix of contour wave domain edge detection is used to calculate the contour wave domain matrix of the image and draw the contour curve of the image of sprint error action to realize the detection of sprint error action. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good stability and can effectively improve the detection accuracy and shorten the detection time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Real-Time Detection of Sprint Error Based on Visual Features and Internet of Things

Chen

2021

Security and Communication Networks

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“…Reaction time is the first factor in the time sequence of the block phase and it is the period from the gun signal to the first measurable change of pressure detected in the instrumented blocks [ 16 ]. While a sprinter’s ability to react is undeniably important, it is related to the information-processing mechanisms that do not seem to correlate with the performance level [ 7 , 45 ] and, therefore, is beyond the scope of our review (for a review of factors that affect response times, see Milloz, Hayes [ 46 ]). Having reacted, the aim of the block phase is to maximize horizontal velocity in as little time as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Performance Factors in the Track and Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review

Valamatos

Abrantes

Carnide

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In athletics sprint events, the block start performance can be fundamental to the outcome of a race. This Systematic Review aims to identify biomechanical factors of critical importance to the block start and subsequent first two steps performance. A systematic search of relevant English-language articles was performed on three scientific databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) to identify peer-reviewed articles published until June 2021. The keywords “Block Start”, “Track and Field”, “Sprint Running”, and “Kinetics and Kinematics” were paired with all possible combinations. Studies reporting biomechanical analysis of the block start and/or first two steps, with track and field sprinters and reporting PB100m were sought for inclusion and analysis. Thirty-six full-text articles were reviewed. Several biomechanical determinants of sprinters have been identified. In the “Set” position, an anthropometry-driven block setting facilitating the hip extension and a rear leg contribution should be encouraged. At the push-off, a rapid extension of both hips and greater force production seems to be important. After block exiting, shorter flight times and greater propulsive forces are the main features of best sprinters. This systematic review emphasizes important findings and recommendations that may be relevant for researchers and coaches. Future research should focus on upper limbs behavior and on the analysis of the training drills used to improve starting performance.

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“…When considering performance and the durations of phases within the blocks, it is also important to note that the 5 and 10 m times include the RT component so these performance measures might be influenced by the longer RTs observed from the 70% condition for the whole sample. Given the many complexities associated with RT and its measurement (Milloz et al, 2021), further direct investigation of the effect of FB/SL on RT is warranted, but the observed effects on NAHEP confirm the potential performance advantage associated with the shorter FB/SL distances as this does not consider RT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different anthropometry‐driven block settings on sprint start performance

Cavedon

Bezodis

Sandri

et al. 2022

European Journal of Sport Science

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Few studies have focused on the effect of individual anthropometrics when considering "set" position posture during the sprint start. This study aimed to measure the effect of different anthropometry-driven block settings on kinetic and kinematic parameters and performance during the start in well-trained and non-trained sprinters. Front block-starting line (FB/SL) distance was manipulated between 50% and 70% of each individual's leg length at 5% intervals, whilst the inter-block distance was held constant at 45% of leg length. Thirty-six sprinters performed three maximal-effort 10 m sprints in each of the five conditions. Joint angles in the "set" position were quantified though 2D video analysis, the forces generated during block clearance phase were measured by dynamometric starting blocks, and times to 5 and 10 m were measured with photocells. The effects of the five block setting conditions were largely consistent irrespective of ability level. Shorter FB/SL distances were associated with significantly more flexed hip and knee angles in the "set" position, a significantly more plantar flexed front ankle, and a significantly more dorsiflexed rear ankle. There were no significant effects of FB/SL distance on total block time, and thus the greater rear block peak forces and impulses produced from the shorter FB/SL distances combined with no effects on the resultant front block peak forces and impulses, led to higher levels of sprint start performance from the shorter FB/SL distances. Considering FB/SL distances closer to 50% of leg length may be beneficial for coaches and athletes to explore during sprint start training. Highlights. The effects of different front-block starting line distances on "set" position kinematics, block clearance kinetics and sprint start performance are largely consistent irrespective of ability level. . When using a medium inter-block distance (45% of leg length), shorter front block-starting line distances (down to 50% of the leg length) led to improved sprint start performance. . From shorter front block-starting line distances, sprint start performance was primarily improved through greater force production against the rear block which led to greater impulses due to no change in push durations or resultant front foot forces. . Lower-limb length is an important consideration when adjusting anteroposterior block distances.

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Sprint Start Regulation in Athletics: A Critical Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Research on Real-Time Detection of Sprint Error Based on Visual Features and Internet of Things

Research on Real-Time Detection of Sprint Error Based on Visual Features and Internet of Things

Biomechanical Performance Factors in the Track and Field Sprint Start: A Systematic Review

Effect of different anthropometry‐driven block settings on sprint start performance

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