Sprint exercise enhances skeletal muscle p70S6k phosphorylation and more so in women than in men

Esbjörnsson, Mona; Rundqvist, Håkan; Mascher, Henrik; Österlund, Ted; Rooyackers, Olav; Blomstrand, Eva; Jansson, Eva

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02404.x

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Sprint exercise increases the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6k in the skeletal muscle of healthy men and women (Esbjornsson et al, 2012). High intensity resistance exercise increases protein synthesis in both men and women, which is accompanied by the increased activities of mTOR and p70S6k in leg muscle (Dreyer et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemin, heme oxygenase-1 inducer, attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice

Park

Kim

et al. 2013

Life Sciences

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemin, heme oxygenase-1 inducer, attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice

Park

Kim

et al. 2013

Life Sciences

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“…[See (Billaut and Bishop, 2009) for review.] In each study, men were ~30% more powerful than women for the knee extensors (Esbjornsson et al, 2006, Billaut and Smith, 2009, Esbjornsson et al, 2012). The difference in decline in power between men and women with multiple high intensity sprints of short duration was associated with the initial power (Billaut and Bishop, 2012).…”

Section: Sex Differences In Muscle Fatigue Are Task Specificmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although the relative reduction in power is not always significantly different between men and women [e.g. (Esbjornsson et al, 2006, Esbjornsson et al, 2012, Smith and Billaut, 2012)], several of these studies have revealed sex differences in muscle and whole body metabolism that would likely have functional consequences for multiple sprint exercise of longer durations than several minutes. One functional consequence is that while men exert greater absolute power and speed than women, women recover more quickly than men (Laurent et al, 2010).…”

Section: Sex Differences In Muscle Fatigue Are Task Specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These metabolic sex differences within a muscle are likely related to the greater proportional area of type I fibre of women compared with men (Esbjornsson et al, 1993, Esbjornsson-Liljedahl et al, 1999, Roepstorff et al, 2006, Maher et al, 2009), demonstrating the central contribution of skeletal muscle metabolism to the sex differences in fatigue. Despite differences in muscle metabolism between men and women during short duration isometric and single or multiple sprint exercise, a sex difference in muscle fatigue is not always observed [e.g (Russ et al, 2005, Esbjornsson et al, 2012)], indicating that, for those tasks, other rate limiting mechanisms were more important during the fatiguing exercise. Metabolic sex differences may influence men and women during longer duration high intensity exercise.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Sex Differences In Muscle Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shown are the mean proportional areas of the men and women in each of the 12 studies (Simoneau et al, 1985, Simoneau and Bouchard, 1989, Miller et al, 1993, Esbjornsson-Liljedahl et al, 1999, Staron et al, 2000, Carter et al, 2001b, Esbjornsson-Liljedahl et al, 2002, Porter et al, 2002, Toft et al, 2003, Roepstorff et al, 2006, Maher et al, 2009, Esbjornsson et al, 2012). The mean (± SEM) per cent area of type I fibres of all the muscles from the 12 studies is plotted on the right side.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences in human fatigability: mechanisms and insight to physiological responses

2014

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Sex-related differences in physiology and anatomy are responsible for profound differences in neuromuscular performance and fatigability between men and women. Women are usually less fatigable than men for similar intensity isometric fatiguing contractions. This sex difference in fatigability, however, is task specific because different neuromuscular sites will be stressed when the requirements of the task are altered, and the stress on these sites can differ for men and women. Task variables that can alter the sex difference in fatigue include the type, intensity and speed of contraction, the muscle group assessed, and the environmental conditions. Physiological mechanisms that are responsible for sex-based differences in fatigability may include activation of the motor neuron pool from cortical and subcortical regions, synaptic inputs to the motor neuron pool via activation of metabolically-sensitive small afferent fibres in the muscle, muscle perfusion, and skeletal muscle metabolism and fibre type properties. Non-physiological factors such as the sex bias of studying more males than females in human and animal experiments can also mask a true understanding of the magnitude and mechanisms of sex-based differences in physiology and fatigability. Despite recent developments, there is a tremendous lack of understanding of sex differences in neuromuscular function and fatigability, the prevailing mechanisms and the functional consequences. This review emphasises the need to understand sex-based differences in fatigability in order to shed light on the benefits and limitations that fatigability can exert for men and women during daily tasks, exercise performance, training and rehabilitation in both health and disease.

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Nutrient ingestion increased mTOR signaling, but not hVps34 activity in human skeletal muscle after sprint exercise

et al. 2013

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Nutrient provision after sprint exercise enhances mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. One suggested that nutrient sensor is the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34), not previously studied in human skeletal muscle. It is hypothesized that oral ingestion of essential amino acids (EAA) and carbohydrates (Carb) increases Vps34 activity and mTOR signaling in human skeletal (hVps34) muscle after sprint exercise. Nine subjects were performed 3 × 30-sec all-out sprints with or without ingestion of EAA + Carb or placebo drinks in a randomized order with a month interval. Muscle biopsies were performed at rest and 140 min after last sprint and analyzed for p-mTOR, p-p70S6k, p-eEF2 and for hVps34 activity and hVps34 protein content. Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for amino acids, glucose, lactate, and insulin. During the sprint exercise session, EAA, glucose, and insulin in blood increased significantly more in EAA + Carb than in placebo. P-mTOR and p-p70S6k were significantly increased above rest in EAA + Carb (P = 0.03, P = 0.007) 140 min after last sprint, but not in placebo. Activity and protein expression of hVps34 were not significantly changed from rest in EAA + Carb 140 min after the last sprint. However, hVps34 activity and protein expression tended to increase in placebo (both P = 0.08). In conclusion, on the contrary to the hypothesis, no increase in activation of hVps34 was found following sprint exercise in EAA + Carb condition. In spite of this, the results support an activation of mTOR during this condition. However, this does not exclude the permissive role of hVps34 in mediating the amino acid-induced activation of mTOR and muscle protein synthesis.

show abstract

Sprint exercise enhances skeletal muscle p70S6k phosphorylation and more so in women than in men

Cited by 29 publications

References 50 publications

Hemin, heme oxygenase-1 inducer, attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice

Hemin, heme oxygenase-1 inducer, attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice

Sex differences in human fatigability: mechanisms and insight to physiological responses

Nutrient ingestion increased mTOR signaling, but not hVps34 activity in human skeletal muscle after sprint exercise

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