Springtime phytoplankton dynamics in Arctic Krossfjorden and Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen) as a function of glacier proximity

Piquet, Anouk M.-T.; Poll, van de Willem; Visser, Ronald J. W.; Wiencke, Christian; Bolhuis, Henk; Buma, Anita G. J.

doi:10.5194/bg-11-2263-2014

Cited by 80 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Among other taxa, presence of Actinobacteria and Verrumicrobia is consistent with their significant contribution to microbial communities in estuarine environments (Riemann et al, 2008;Campbell and Kirchman, 2013;Fortunato et al, 2013;Fortunato and Crump, 2015). The observation of elevated abundance of picocyanobacteria is also consistent with their contribution to microbial diversity, phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity in estuarine and fjord environments (Stal et al, 1999;Hajdu et al, 2007;Piquet et al, 2014;Xia et al, 2015), including Patagonian fjords (Gutiérrez et al, 2015). Members of the phylum Planctomycetes and the classes Deltaand Epsilonproteobacteria were poorly represented and mainly restricted to more saline waters.…”

Section: Community Composition Of Prokaryotes In Water Masses Of Puyusupporting

confidence: 63%

Linking Seasonal Reduction of Microbial Diversity to Increase in Winter Temperature of Waters of a Chilean Patagonia Fjord

et al. 2018

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Since microorganisms play a major role in the biogeochemistry of the ocean, understanding structure and dynamics of natural microbial communities is crucial in assessing the impact of environmental changes on marine ecosystems. In order to identify key environmental drivers of microbial community structure in Chilean Patagonian fjords, we analyzed composition of the prokaryotic community over an annual cycle at a single sampling site in Puyuhuapi Fjord. Distinctive communities represented mainly by Actinomycetales, Rhodobacteraceae, Cryomorphaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae were associated with Estuarine Fresh Waters, whereas Cenarchaeaceae and Oceanospirillales were representative of Modified Sub Antarctic Waters present in the fjord. Salinity and oxygen were first-order factors explaining segregation of microbial communities in these contrasting water masses. Positive correlations of members of Flavobacteriaceae, Alteromonadales, and Verrucomicrobiales with diatoms in subsurface waters and of Flavobacteriales (Cryomorphaceae and Flavobacteriaceae), Rhodobacteraceae, and Pelagibacteraceae with dinoflagellates in surface waters suggest that phytoplankton composition could define specific niches for microorganisms in Puyuhuapi fjord waters. A dramatic reduction of richness and individual abundances within Flavobacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Cenarchaeaceae families was principally explained by seasonal increase of surface water temperature, with major reduction associated with changes in temperature during winter conditions. Taxa that are sensitive to increased temperature are key components of organic matter and element cycling, and we therefore suggest that potential decrease in diversity associated with rising of surface water temperature could impact current biogeochemical status of Patagonian fjord ecosystems.

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Section: Community Composition Of Prokaryotes In Water Masses Of Puyusupporting

confidence: 63%

Linking Seasonal Reduction of Microbial Diversity to Increase in Winter Temperature of Waters of a Chilean Patagonia Fjord

et al. 2018

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“…To avoid apparent changes in diagnostic pigment ratios, we avoided riverine samples and focused solely on samples from the fjord surface (Mackey et al, 1997). Based on our observations and those of previous workers Piquet et al, 2014;Schulz et al, 2013), the phytoplankton groups analyzed in this study include diatoms, cryptophytes, prasinophytes, dinoflagellates, haptophytes (e.g., Emiliania Hay and Mohler, Phaeocystis Lagerheim), chlorophytes, cyanobacteria (e.g., Synechococcus), and chrysophytes. Initial ratios are similar to the values reported by for a neighboring study area.…”

Section: Data Processing and Flux Estimatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, "diatoms" may include both diatoms and some haptophytes and chrysophytes with a similar pigment composition. "Haptophytes" refers to the specific type of algae with both 19 hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin and fucoxanthin; e.g., Emiliania and Phaeocystis, which have been found in previous studies of Kongsfjorden (Piquet et al, 2014).…”

Section: Data Processing and Flux Estimatementioning

confidence: 99%

Organic carbon flux and particulate organic matter composition in Arctic valley glaciers: examples from the Bayelva River and adjacent Kongsfjorden

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2016

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. In the face of ongoing global warming and glacier retreat, the composition and flux of organic matter in glacierfjord systems are key variables for updating the carbon cycle and budget, whereas the role of Arctic valley glaciers seems unimportant when compared with the huge Greenland Ice Sheet. Our field observations of the glacier-fed Bayelva River, Svalbard, and the adjacent Kongsfjorden allowed us to determine the compositions of particulate organic matter from glacier to fjord and also to estimate the flux of organic carbon, both for the river and for Svalbard in general.Particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Bayelva River averaged 56 and 73 µM, respectively, in August, 2012. Amino acids (AAs) and phytoplankton carbon accounted for ∼ 10 % of the bulk POC in the Bayelva River, while AAs represented > 90 % of particulate nitrogen (PN) in fjord surface water, suggesting the strong in situ assimilation of organic matter. Bacteria accounted for 13 and 19 % of the POC in the Bayelva River and the Kongsfjorden, respectively, while values for PN were much higher (i.e., 36 % in Kongsfjorden).The total discharge from the Bayelva River in 2012 was 29 × 10 6 m 3 . Furthermore, we calculated the annual POC, DOC, and PN fluxes for the river as 20 ± 1.6 tons, 25 ± 5.6 tons, and 4.7 ± 0.75 tons, respectively. Using the POC content and DOC concentration data, we then estimated the annual POC and DOC fluxes for Svalbard glaciers. Although the estimated POC (0.056 ± 0.02 × 10 6 tons year −1 ) and DOC (0.02 ± 0.01 × 10 6 tons year −1 ) fluxes of Svalbard glaciers are small in amount, its discharge-weighted flux of DOC was over twice higher than other pan-Arctic glacier systems, suggesting its important role as a terrestrial DOC source.

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“…The development of molecular techniques, especially high-throughput sequencing (HTS), has made it possible to study the diversity and assemblages of pico-and nanosized eukaryotic plankton as well (19)(20)(21)(22). This has resulted in several diversity surveys of microbial eukaryotes from the Arctic Ocean and the shelf seas (23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Pico-and nanosized planktons are now known to govern major processes in the oceans to a larger degree than previously assumed (6,7,28,29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Seasonality of Marine Microbial Eukaryotes in a High-Arctic Fjord (Isfjorden, in West Spitsbergen, Norway)

Marquardt

Vader²,

Stübner

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

101

107

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bThe Adventfjorden time series station (IsA) in Isfjorden, West Spitsbergen, Norway, was sampled frequently from December 2011 to December 2012. The community composition of microbial eukaryotes (size, 0.45 to 10 m) from a depth of 25 m was determined using 454 sequencing of the 18S V4 region amplified from both DNA and RNA. The compositional changes throughout the year were assessed in relation to in situ fjord environmental conditions. Size fractionation analyses of chlorophyll a showed that the photosynthetic biomass was dominated by small cells (<10 m) most of the year but that larger cells dominated during the spring and summer. The winter and early-spring communities were more diverse than the spring and summer/autumn communities. Dinophyceae were predominant throughout the year. The Arctic Micromonas ecotype was abundant mostly in the early-bloom and fall periods, whereas heterotrophs, such as marine stramenopiles (MASTs), Picozoa, and the parasitoid marine alveolates (MALVs), displayed higher relative abundance in the winter than in other seasons. Our results emphasize the extreme seasonality of Arctic microbial eukaryotic communities driven by the light regime and nutrient availability but point to the necessity of a thorough knowledge of hydrography for full understanding of their succession and variability. Microbial eukaryotes are critically important for the functioning of marine ecosystems as primary producers (1, 2) and consumers (3, 4) of carbon, as well as maintainers of biogeochemical cycles (5-7). In Arctic waters, where marine planktonic cyanobacteria are infrequent, marine microbial eukaryotes are the predominant primary producers (8-10). In spite of their importance, our knowledge of the diversity and role of picosized (0.2 to 2 m) and nanosized (2 to 20 m) (11) eukaryotic plankton is still limited in extreme areas.High-Arctic regions are characterized by extreme seasonality in light conditions, with 24 h of sunlight in summer giving way to several months of complete darkness in winter. The cold, dark polar night period at high latitudes strongly limits the activity of autotrophic organisms, and Arctic species in general have to adjust to the timing of seasonal events (12). The few studies performed during the Arctic winter-spring transition suggest a strong seasonal response by the microbial community to irradiance (13)(14)(15). Most studies of Arctic microbial eukaryotes have so far utilized traditional identification techniques, such as microscopy, and focused on bloom-forming pelagic protists (4, 16-18). The development of molecular techniques, especially high-throughput sequencing (HTS), has made it possible to study the diversity and assemblages of pico-and nanosized eukaryotic plankton as well (19)(20)(21)(22). This has resulted in several diversity surveys of microbial eukaryotes from the Arctic Ocean and the shelf seas (23-27). Pico-and nanosized planktons are now known to govern major processes in the oceans to a larger degree than previously assumed (6,7,28,29). Furthermore, 18S ...

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Springtime phytoplankton dynamics in Arctic Krossfjorden and Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen) as a function of glacier proximity

Cited by 80 publications

References 41 publications

Linking Seasonal Reduction of Microbial Diversity to Increase in Winter Temperature of Waters of a Chilean Patagonia Fjord

Linking Seasonal Reduction of Microbial Diversity to Increase in Winter Temperature of Waters of a Chilean Patagonia Fjord

Organic carbon flux and particulate organic matter composition in Arctic valley glaciers: examples from the Bayelva River and adjacent Kongsfjorden

Strong Seasonality of Marine Microbial Eukaryotes in a High-Arctic Fjord (Isfjorden, in West Spitsbergen, Norway)

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