Spring production of mycosporine-like amino acids and other UV-absorbing compounds in sea ice-associated algae communities in the Canadian Arctic

Elliott, Ashley; Mundy, C. J.; Gosselin, Michel; Poulin, Michel; Campbell, Karley; Wang, Fei

doi:10.3354/meps11540

Cited by 20 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Another unknown compound that corresponds to U2 in Elliott et al . [], with the absorption maximum at 363 nm and a secondary peak at 337 nm, was present mainly on 20 and 29 May.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elliott et al . [] reported relative concentrations (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) but estimated maximum concentrations of 21.9 and 19.9 mg m −3 for shinorine and porphyra‐334, respectively (total concentration per sample not specified). When it comes to the bulk MAA:Chl a ratio, Ryan et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MAA analysis by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the Ultra‐Clean Trace Elements Laboratory (UCTEL) at the University of Manitoba (Winnipeg, Canada) is described in Elliott et al . [] and based on the method by Carreto et al . [].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Windows in Arctic sea ice: Light transmission and ice algae in a refrozen lead

et al. 2017

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The Arctic Ocean is rapidly changing from thicker multiyear to thinner first‐year ice cover, with significant consequences for radiative transfer through the ice pack and light availability for algal growth. A thinner, more dynamic ice cover will possibly result in more frequent leads, covered by newly formed ice with little snow cover. We studied a refrozen lead (≤0.27 m ice) in drifting pack ice north of Svalbard (80.5–81.8°N) in May–June 2015 during the Norwegian young sea ICE expedition (N‐ICE2015). We measured downwelling incident and ice‐transmitted spectral irradiance, and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), particle absorption, ultraviolet (UV)‐protecting mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs), and chlorophyll a (Chl a) in melted sea ice samples. We found occasionally very high MAA concentrations (up to 39 mg m−3, mean 4.5 ± 7.8 mg m−3) and MAA to Chl a ratios (up to 6.3, mean 1.2 ± 1.3). Disagreement in modeled and observed transmittance in the UV range let us conclude that MAA signatures in CDOM absorption spectra may be artifacts due to osmotic shock during ice melting. Although observed PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) transmittance through the thin ice was significantly higher than that of the adjacent thicker ice with deep snow cover, ice algal standing stocks were low (≤2.31 mg Chl a m−2) and similar to the adjacent ice. Ice algal accumulation in the lead was possibly delayed by the low inoculum and the time needed for photoacclimation to the high‐light environment. However, leads are important for phytoplankton growth by acting like windows into the water column.

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“…Another unknown compound that corresponds to U2 in Elliott et al . [], with the absorption maximum at 363 nm and a secondary peak at 337 nm, was present mainly on 20 and 29 May.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Windows in Arctic sea ice: Light transmission and ice algae in a refrozen lead

et al. 2017

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“…In addition to MAAs, Elliott et al . [] observed other compounds that absorb in the UV range. The increase of the MAAs was controlled by light availability rather than algae biomass in the ice, as observed MAAs/ Chla ratio increased during experiment [ Piiparinen et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐optical properties of Arctic drift ice and surface waters north of Svalbard from winter to spring

et al. 2017

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We have quantified absorption by CDOM, aCDOM(λ), particulate matter, ap(λ), algal pigments, aph(λ), and detrital material, aNAP(λ), coincident with chlorophyll a in sea ice and surface waters in winter and spring 2015 in the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard. The aCDOM(λ) was low in contrast to other regions of the Arctic Ocean, while ap(λ) has the largest contribution to absorption variability in sea ice and surface waters. ap(443) was 1.4–2.8 times and 1.3–1.8 times higher than aCDOM(443) in surface water and sea ice, respectively. aph(λ) contributed 90% and 81% to ap(λ), in open leads and under‐ice waters column, and much less (53%–74%) in sea ice, respectively. Both aCDOM(λ) and ap(λ) followed closely the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a in sea ice and the water column. We observed a tenfold increase of the chlorophyll a concentration and nearly twofold increase in absorption at 443 nm in sea ice from winter to spring. The aCDOM(λ) dominated the absorption budget in the UV both in sea ice and surface waters. In the visible range, absorption was dominated by aph(λ), which contributed more than 50% and aCDOM(λ), which contributed 43% to total absorption in water column. Detrital absorption contributed significantly (33%) only in surface ice layer. Algae dynamics explained more than 90% variability in ap(λ) and aph(λ) in water column, but less than 70% in the sea ice. This study presents detailed absorption budget that is relevant for modeling of radiative transfer and primary production.

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“…Flooding is common in the Antarctic and results in the formation of snow ice (Hunke et al, 2011). Several studies document melt pond colonization by micro-, nano-, and picosized algae as well as bacteria (Bursa, 1963;Gradinger et al, 2005;Elliott et al, 2015), suggesting that DMS in melt ponds may originate from algal and bacterial metabolism. However, in situ DMS production had never been measured nor had key mechanisms been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimethyl sulfide dynamics in first-year sea ice melt ponds in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Melt pond formation is a seasonal pan-Arctic process. During the thawing season, melt ponds may cover up to 90 % of the Arctic first-year sea ice (FYI) and 15 to 25 % of the multi-year sea ice (MYI). These pools of water lying at the surface of the sea ice cover are habitats for microorganisms and represent a potential source of the biogenic gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) for the atmosphere. Here we report on the concentrations and dynamics of DMS in nine melt ponds sampled in July 2014 in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. DMS concentrations were under the detection limit (< 0.01 nmol L −1 ) in freshwater melt ponds and increased linearly with salinity (r s = 0.84, p ≤ 0.05) from ∼ 3 up to ∼ 6 nmol L −1 (avg. 3.7 ± 1.6 nmol L −1 ) in brackish melt ponds. This relationship suggests that the intrusion of seawater in melt ponds is a key physical mechanism responsible for the presence of DMS. Experiments were conducted with water from three melt ponds incubated for 24 h with and without the addition of two stable isotope-labelled precursors of DMS (dimethylsulfoniopropionate), (D6-DMSP) and dimethylsulfoxide ( 13 C-DMSO). Results show that de novo biological production of DMS can take place within brackish melt ponds through bacterial DMSP uptake and cleavage. Our data suggest that FYI melt ponds could represent a reservoir of DMS available for potential flux to the atmosphere. The importance of this ice-related source of DMS for the Arctic atmosphere is expected to increase as a response to the thinning of sea ice and the areal and temporal expansion of melt ponds on Arctic FYI.

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Spring production of mycosporine-like amino acids and other UV-absorbing compounds in sea ice-associated algae communities in the Canadian Arctic

Cited by 20 publications

References 52 publications

Windows in Arctic sea ice: Light transmission and ice algae in a refrozen lead

Windows in Arctic sea ice: Light transmission and ice algae in a refrozen lead

Bio‐optical properties of Arctic drift ice and surface waters north of Svalbard from winter to spring

Dimethyl sulfide dynamics in first-year sea ice melt ponds in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

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