Spring Frost Damage in Buds, Flowers and Developing Fruits in Apricot

Rodrigo, Javier; Julian, C.; Herrero, M.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2006.717.15

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This scenario has caused disastrous losses of the peach crop in the southeastern U.S. in recent years. Numerous research has focused on assessing the susceptibility of trees, buds, and flowers to freezing events [5][6][7], but the fruitlet freeze tolerance is relatively understudied [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruitlet Freeze Tolerance in Peach Germplasm

Caglar,

Lawton,

Melgar

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Climate change is affecting the production of temperate fruit crops. Freeze damage, particularly in spring, has resulted in significant economic losses in peach production in the southeastern United States. Research efforts in peach and other Prunus species have primarily focused on dormancy-related traits associated with bloom time, such as chill and heat requirement, with fruitlet freeze tolerance not equally represented. This study reports fruitlet freeze tolerance in 75 peach and nectarine accessions at six freezing temperatures (0 to −10 °C) using electrolyte leakage method over two seasons (2022–2023). Fruitlet freeze tolerance ranged from −3.9 to −10.2 °C with an estimated freeze damage ranging from 16–48% of fruitlet tissue with the majority of the accessions showing tolerance to cold temperatures in the −4 to −6 °C and 25–35% range. Variability in tolerance was noted across years, including some inconsistencies between tolerance group assignments. Grouping based on the estimated damage showed better stability and some accessions changed their grouping from the extremes to an intermediate tolerance group. Interestingly, nectarine accessions were among the most tolerant in both seasons. Broad-sense heritability of 0.52 and 0.85, estimated for freeze tolerance and % tissue damage, respectively, suggested genetic control of this trait with a potential for improvement via breeding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruitlet Freeze Tolerance in Peach Germplasm

Caglar,

Lawton,

Melgar

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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“…For example, changes in resource availability, through mechanisms such as herbivory (Stephenson, 1980), leaf shading (Einhorn & Arrington, 2018) and drought (Nussbaumer et al, 2020; Pérez‐Pérez et al, 2008; Reichardt et al, 2020), can trigger premature fruit drop due to competition for resources among fruits (Bawa & Webb, 1984; Goubitz et al, 2002; Stephenson, 1981). Developmental or genetic abnormalities (Bradbury, 1929; Forino et al, 1987; Kraus, 1915), pollen quality (Goubitz et al, 2002) and damage to fruits through abiotic means, for example frost (Rodrigo, 2000; Rodrigo et al, 2006; Tagliasacchi et al, 2006), can trigger an individual to drop fruits which are unlikely to reach maturity and thereby minimise the cost to the parent plant (Stephenson, 1981). Damage by natural enemies can also lead to premature drop, often through seed/fruit predation or pathogen attack (Akinsanmi et al, 2016; Boucher & Sork, 1979; Planes et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre‐dispersal seed predation could help explain premature fruit drop in a tropical forest

et al. 2022

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1. Pre-dispersal seed mortality caused by premature fruit drop is a potentially important source of plant mortality, but one which has rarely been studied in the context of tropical forest plants. Of particular interest is premature fruit drop triggered by enemies, which-if density dependent-could contribute to species coexistence in tropical forest plant communities.2. We used a long-term (31 year) dataset on seed and fruit fall obtained through weekly collections from a network of seed traps in a lowland tropical forest (Barro Colorado Island, Panama) to estimate the proportion of seeds prematurely abscised for 201 woody plant species. To determine whether enemy attack might contribute to premature fruit drop, we tested whether plant species abscise more of their fruit prematurely if they (a) have attributes hypothesised to be associated with high levels of enemy attack and (b) are known to be attacked by one enemy group (insect seed predators). We also tested (c) whether mean rates of premature fruit drop for plant species are phylogenetically conserved.3. Overall rates of premature fruit drop were high in the plant community. Across all species, 39% of seeds were abscised before completing their development.Rates of premature seed abscission varied considerably among species and could not be explained by phylogeny. Premature seed abscission rates were higher in species which are known to host pre-dispersal insect seed predators and species with attributes that were hypothesised to make them more susceptible to attack by pre-dispersal enemies, namely species which (a) have larger seeds, (b) have a greater average height, (c) have temporally predictable fruiting patterns and (d) are more abundant at the study site. 4. Synthesis. Premature fruit drop is likely to be a major source of seed mortality for many plant species on Barro Colorado Island. It is plausible that pre-dispersal seed enemies, such as insect seed predators, contribute to community-level patterns of premature fruit drop and have the potential to mediate species coexistence through stabilising negative density dependence. Our study suggests that the role of pre-dispersal enemies in structuring tropical plant communities

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“…In temperate regions, late spring frost damage can limit apricot production (Rodrigo and Julion 2006). In making use of this warm ecological potential, it is essential to increase the range of high quality early varieties (Onal et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%