Spring Bread Wheat : Description of the Newest Accessions in the Vir Collection, Screened for Their Resistance to Wheat Leaf Rust, Spot Blotch, Powdery Mildew and Loose Smut

Тырышкин, Л. Г.; Lebedeva, T. V.; Ковалева, Ольга Николаевна; Зуев, Е. В.; Brykova, A.N.; Kudryavtseva, E.Yu.

doi:10.30901/978-5-907145-19-1

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Vavilov, represents a very valuable plant material for searching sources and donors and for breeding important traits, including resistance to diseases [12,13]. However, our previous work with bread wheat from this collection showed very narrow genetic diversity for effective resistance to modern populations of leaf rust, HLB, SNB, and powdery mildew pathogens from the Russian geographic habitat [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective Resistance to Four Fungal Foliar Diseases in Samples of Wild Triticum L. Species from the VIR (N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources) Collection: View from Vavilov’s Concepts of Plant Immunity

Тырышкин

Lysenko

Kolesova

2022

Plants

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To identify new sources of effective resistance to four foliar diseases of wheat, 173 accessions of four wheat species, Triticum boeoticum, T. urartu, T. araraticum, and T. dicoccoides, from the VIR collection were tested at the juvenile and adult growth stages for resistance to leaf rust (Pt = Puccinia triticina), powdery mildew (Bgt = Blumeria graminis tritici), Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), and dark-brown leaf spot blotch (HLB = Helminthospjrium leaf blotch). The accessions included new additions to the collection, some old samples that had never been tested before, as well as earlier tested samples noted for high levels of juvenile resistance to some fungal diseases. Natural populations of Puccinia triticina and Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, mixture of Parastagonospora nodorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana isolates were used to inoculate and to evaluate resistance to Pt, Bgt, SNB, and HLB, respectively. Two samples of T. boeoticum, three of T. urartu, and one of T. araraticum were resistant to leaf rust at both tested stages. Further tests (phytopathological and molecular analyses) excluded Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr41, or Lr47 as single genes controlling resistance; hence, these accessions likely carry new effective leaf rust resistance genes. High level of Bgt resistance was identified in three entries of T. boeoticum, one of T. araraticum, and eleven of T. dicoccoides. All tested accessions were susceptible to HLB and SNB at both tested stages. Accessions identified as resistant are valuable plant material for introgressive hybridization in bread and durum wheat breeding. The results are discussed in the context of N.I. Vavilov’s concept of crop origin and diversity, and the laws of plant natural immunity to infectious diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples from the Vavilov' collection with effective seedling resistance to leaf rust are protected with genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, and Lr41 [14][15][16]. These genes have been highly effective in many regions of the world, but now virulence to genes Lr9, Lr19, and Lr24 has been shown in Russia [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Resistance to Four Fungal Foliar Diseases in Samples of Wild Triticum L. Species from the VIR (N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources) Collection: View from Vavilov’s Concepts of Plant Immunity

Тырышкин

Lysenko

Kolesova

2022

Plants

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“…Unfortunately, the genetic diversity of bread wheat for effective resistance to harmful fungal diseases is extremely low. Only five genes have been found to provide a high level of resistance to leaf rust in the Russian Federation [18,19], and they have now been reported to have lost their effectiveness in some regions of Russia [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Only genes for resistance to Bgt Pm12, PmSp, and PmKu were described as effective against the pathogen populations from the northwestern part of the Russian Federation [29,30,58], but samples with these genes were found to be susceptible in 2022 [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. The majority of wheat samples from Ethiopia and Eritrea in the VIR collection have never been studied for the abovementioned traits, while bread wheat and its relatives of different origins from the same collection have been studied extensively [18][19][20][21][62][63][64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity for Effective Resistance in Wheat Landraces from Ethiopia and Eritrea to Fungal Diseases and Toxic Aluminum Ions

Zuev,

Lebedeva,

Yakovleva

et al. 2024

Plants

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To reveal genetic diversity for effective resistance to five foliar diseases and toxic aluminum ions, the entire collection of wheat species from the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) originating from Ethiopia and Eritrea were studied regarding their traits. The collection contains 509 samples of four wheat species (Triticum aestivum—122 samples; T. aethiopicum—340 samples; T. polonicum—6 samples; and T. dicoccum—41 samples). The majority of accessions are new entries of landraces added to the Vavilov collection as a result of the Russian–Ethiopian expedition in 2012. Wheat seedlings were inoculated with causal agents of leaf rust (Pt), powdery mildew (Bgt), Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), and dark-brown leaf spot blotch (HLB). The types of reaction and disease development were assessed to describe the levels of resistance. All samples of T. aethiopicum were also screened for seedling and adult resistance to Pt, Bgt, and yellow rust (Pst) under field conditions after double inoculation with the corresponding pathogens. To study tolerance to abiotic stress, seedlings were grown in a solution of Al3+ (185 µM, pH 4,0) and in water. The index of root length was used to characterize tolerance. Seedlings belonging to only two accessions out of those studied—k-68236 of T. aethiopicum and k-67397 of T. dicoccum—were resistant to Pt at 20 °C but susceptible at 25 °C. Specific molecular markers closely linked to the five genes for Pt resistance effective against populations of the pathogen from the northwestern region of Russia were not amplified in these two entries after PCR with corresponding primers. Four entries of T. dicoccum—k-18971, k-18975, k-19577, and k-67398—were highly resistant to Bgt. All samples under study were susceptible to HLB and SNB. Under field conditions, 15% of the T. aethiopicum samples were resistant to Pst, both at the seedling and the flag leaf stages, but all were susceptible to the other diseases under study. Among the evaluated samples, 20 entries of T. aestivum, 1 of T. polonicum (k-43765), and 2 of T. dicoccum (k-18971, k-67397) were tolerant to aluminum ions. The identified entries could be valuable sources for the breeding of T. aestivum and other wheats for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

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“…среди 337 образцов из новых поступлений 2,67% были устойчивы (баллы 0-1), 6,23% -умеренно устойчивы (балл 2) и 91,10%восприимчивы (баллы 3 и 4). Информация об устойчивости образцов опубликована в каталогах ВИР (Tyryshkin et al, 2009;Tyryshkin et al, 2015;Tyryshkin et al, 2020).…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

Effective sources of powdery mildew resistance among spring bread wheat for the northwest of the russian federation

Lebedeva

Brykova

Зуев

2023

Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii

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Background. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world’s main food crops. In Russia, its gross harvest in recent years has reached 21.079 million tons. Blumeria graminis is one of the most harmful diseases of bread wheat. Annual harvest losses can reach 10–30%. In Leningrad Province, powdery mildew appears almost every year on cereals. Development of cultivars resistant to powdery mildew is the most important trend in spring bread wheat breeding. Its progress is determined by new sources of effective resistance genes and their incorporation into promising spring bread wheat cultivars. The purpose of this work was to retest the seedling and adult resistance to powdery mildew in spring bread wheat accessions selected over a period of more than twenty years and redefine the effectiveness of disease resistance sources at the present time.Materials and methods. Since 2000, VIR has conducted a search for powdery mildew resistance among 1283 spring bread wheat accessions. The identified 36 sources of adult and seedling powdery mildew resistance were reevaluated in 2022. Field and laboratory studies into the resistance to the pathogen were performed according to VIR’s guidelines.Results and discussion. In 2022, field and laboratory studies of spring bread wheat cultivars revealed accessions with resistance to the pathogen in all phases of plant development. Six sources remained resistant to powdery mildew for 13–22 years, another six showed resistance for 7–12 years, and 8 cultivars were immune for 6 years. Resistance of 9 accessions identified for this trait in 2020 was confirmed.Conclusion. Field and laboratory research into the resistance of spring bread wheat accessions to the pathogen identified sources retaining seedling and adult resistance to the Leningrad population of powdery mildew for 7 years or more. These accessions are recommended for use in wheat breeding programs.

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Spring Bread Wheat : Description of the Newest Accessions in the Vir Collection, Screened for Their Resistance to Wheat Leaf Rust, Spot Blotch, Powdery Mildew and Loose Smut

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Effective Resistance to Four Fungal Foliar Diseases in Samples of Wild Triticum L. Species from the VIR (N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources) Collection: View from Vavilov’s Concepts of Plant Immunity

Effective Resistance to Four Fungal Foliar Diseases in Samples of Wild Triticum L. Species from the VIR (N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources) Collection: View from Vavilov’s Concepts of Plant Immunity

Genetic Diversity for Effective Resistance in Wheat Landraces from Ethiopia and Eritrea to Fungal Diseases and Toxic Aluminum Ions

Effective sources of powdery mildew resistance among spring bread wheat for the northwest of the russian federation

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