Sprengel′s deformity of the shoulder: Current perspectives in management

Abstract

Sprengel’s deformity or congenital elevation of scapula is a complex deformity of the pectoral girdle, and results in symptomatic cosmetic and functional disability. Several studies have attempted to analyze the three-dimensional aspects of this deformity; optimal methodologies of quantification and surgical correction techniques have been debated since the condition was first described. This article presents a concise review of the exact pathoanatomy, clinical presentation, imaging techniques, and surgical procedures described in the management of this condition.

Sprengel's deformity as congenital scapular asymmetry on bone scintigraphy

“…[267] To date, the embryogenic etiology of SD has not been convincingly elucidated. [28] SD has been classified as low- to high-grade according to the severity of deformity. [238] Scapula is usually hypoplastic or dysplastic with abnormally elevated position.…”

“…[28] SD has been classified as low- to high-grade according to the severity of deformity. [238] Scapula is usually hypoplastic or dysplastic with abnormally elevated position. [2368] The scapula on opposite side is usually normal, therefore shoulders appear asymmetric.…”

Spondylocostal Dysostosis with Sprengel Deformity: A Case Report

“…1 Sprengel deformity is a congenital condition caused interruption of normal development and movement of scapula during early fetal growth. 6 Sprengel deformity might be associated with fused or absent ribs, cervical rib, or spina bifida. 7 Rigault classified deformity into 3 groups:…”

The Rare Sprengel Deformity: Our Experience with Three Cases

“…Most authors agree that the undescended scapula affects women three times more often than men, although Kadavkolan and others report that the entity occurs equally in both sexes. [ 9 ] It can occur on both sides concurrently but is most often unilateral, with a predilection for the left side. Although patients with bilateral Sprengel deformity might seem less disfigured, their functional limitation is more debilitating, compared to patients with a unilateral defect.…”