“…The first qualitative observations of the thermal Marangoni flow in evaporating water droplets were made by Deegan et al [10,11], and soon after quantitatively modeled by Hu and Larson [20]. Solutal Marangoni flows in this context have also been studied extensively, either to study their role in the spreading and retraction of multi-component droplets [18,40], or their role in the droplet's shape [18,22,38], or their competition with gravitational forces [12], or their role in particle deposition when driven by surfactants (or antisurfactants) [7,28,29,33,34,37].…”