Spread of HIV infection in the general population in Germany

Vettermann, W.; Voss, Lieselotte; Mönch, E; Heckler, Rolf; Pauli, Georg

doi:10.1097/00002030-200012220-00022

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…A small programme of sentinel sero-surveillance has been carried out by the Robert Koch Institute on a regular basis since 1993 19,20 . The procedure used in the unlinked anonymous testing has been approved by state and federal of® cials responsible for data con® dentiality, but there were no speci® c legal regulations concerning sentinel serosurveillance in the past.…”

Section: Sentinel Hiv Sero-surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted diseases in Germany

et al. 2002

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In the former West Germany, in specific venereal diseases legislation passed in 1953, only syphilis, gonorrhoea, ulcus molle, and lymphogranuloma venereum were defined as venereal diseases and subject to mandatory notification. The proportion of unreported cases was as high as 75% for syphilis and up to 90% for gonorrhoea. Epidemiological data for the past 10 years exist only on selected populations from research studies and are summarized in this article. In the former East Germany reporting of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was mandatory and, due to the centralized organization, underreporting was considered to be low, although no specific studies have examined this. After the unification in 1990 of the two German states the West German laws were adopted in East Germany. Since 1982 - when the first AIDS case was reported in Germany - information on AIDS cases has voluntarily been collected at the national register at the AIDS Centre of the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin. The law governing the reporting of infectious diseases has recently been revised. Under the new Protection against Infection Act, which became effective on 1 January 2001, clinical diagnoses of STIs (with the exception of hepatitis B) are no longer notifiable diseases. Laboratory reporting of positive test results for Treponema pallidum has been introduced. With T. pallidum and HIV notifications, additional disaggregated data are collected. Since T. pallidum and HIV remain the only notifiable STIs, all other STIs have to be monitored through sentinel surveillance systems. These surveillance systems are currently being established. Under the new legislation, local health authorities have to provide adequate counselling and testing services for STIs, which may be provided free of charge if necessary.

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Section: Sentinel Hiv Sero-surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted diseases in Germany

et al. 2002

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HIV-Infektionen bei Frauen in Deutschland

Marcus

2005

Gynäkologe

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Di e HIV-Epi de mie prä sen tiert sich weltweit mit vie len Ge sich tern. Wäh rend die Epi de mie in Eu ro pa und Nord ame ri ka auf Grund der Do mi nanz von ho mo se xuel len Män nern und in tra ve nö sen Dro genkon su men ten un ter den Be trof fe nen eher ein männ li ches Ge sicht zeigt, sind in der am stärks ten von der Epi de mie heim gesuch ten Re gi on, Afri ka süd lich der Sa hara, mehr Frau en als Män ner be trof fen. In den Re gio nen, in de nen sich HIV vor wiegend über he te ro se xu el le Kon tak te aus breitet, tra gen bio lo gi sche, so zia le, kul tu rel le und öko no mi sche Fak to ren oft zu ei ner hö he ren Vul ne ra bi li tät von Frau en ge genüber der HIV-In fek ti on bei [1]. Schlechte rer Zu gang zu Aus bil dungs mög lich keiten, ge rin ge re Aus sich ten auf qua li fi zierte Ar beitsplät ze, ge rin ge re Löh ne, ein einge schränk tes und oft nicht ein klag ba res Recht auf se xu el le Selbst be stim mung, kultu rell und fi nan zi ell ze men tier te Ab hän-gig kei ten vom männ li chen Part ner, pa triar cha li sche Struk tu ren in Fa mi lie und Gesell schaft ver weh ren Frau en oft mals sowohl das Wis sen, das not wen dig ist, um sich vor HIV zu schüt zen, als auch die Hand lungs mög lich kei ten, die ses Wis sen zum ei ge nen Schutz um zu set zen. Redaktion U. Abb. 1 8 Ver tei lung der HIV-Erst dia gno sen nach In fek ti ons ri si ko bei Frau en in Deutsch land nach Jahr der Di ag no se, 1997-2004 (HPL: Hoch präva lenz land; IVDA: in tra ve nös Dro gen abhängi ge; He te ro: he te ro se xu el le Kon tak te; un bek.:= Ri si ko un be kannt oder kei ne An ga ben)

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