Spread of façon-de-Venise glassmaking through central and western Europe

Šmit, Ž.; Janssens, Koen; Schalm, Olivier; Kos, Monika

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(03)01691-4

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…EPMA major element data of mid‐ocean ridge basalts and glass shards have been calibrated with MPI‐DING glasses by Grevemeyer et al [2002], Horz et al [2004], and Klein et al [2004]. The accuracy of microscopic synchrotron induced XRF (μSR‐XRF) was verified by analyzing a series of MPI‐DING glasses [ Smit et al , 2004]. Data accuracy and precision of LA‐ICPMS were monitored by analyses of StHS6/80‐G [ Straub et al , 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MPI‐DING reference glasses for in situ microanalysis: New reference values for element concentrations and isotope ratios

Jochum

Stoll

Herwig

et al. 2006

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

635

455

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analytical methods were used to obtain a large spectrum of major and trace element data, in particular, EPMA, SIMS, LA-ICPMS, and isotope dilution by TIMS and ICPMS. Altogether, more than 60 qualified geochemical laboratories worldwide contributed to the analyses, allowing us to present new reference and information values and their uncertainties (at 95% confidence level) for up to 74 elements. We complied with the recommendations for the certification of geological reference materials by the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG). The reference values were derived from the results of 16 independent techniques, including definitive (isotope dilution) and comparative bulk (e.g., INAA, ICPMS, SSMS) and microanalytical (e.g., LA-ICPMS, SIMS, EPMA) methods. Agreement between two or more independent methods and the use of definitive methods provided traceability to the fullest extent possible. We also present new and recently published data for the isotopic compositions of H, B, Li, O, Ca, Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb. The results were mainly obtained by high-precision bulk techniques, such as TIMS and MC-ICPMS. In addition, LA-ICPMS and SIMS isotope data of B, Li, and Pb are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MPI‐DING reference glasses for in situ microanalysis: New reference values for element concentrations and isotope ratios

Jochum

Stoll

Herwig

et al. 2006

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

635

455

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“…Usually, plain window glass is the most frequently encountered type of flat glass in excavations. Although window glass in all periods of its use had a highly utilitarian value and played an important role in the appearance of the facades of buildings, up to now it has been investigated to a far lesser extent than still-existing stained-glass windows [1] and luxury glass vessels made in Venice or 'à-la-façon-deVenise' (e.g., [2,3]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of 12–18th century window glass in Belgium: Non-figurative windows in secular buildings and stained-glass windows in religious buildings

Schalm

Janssens

Wouters³

et al. 2007

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…The Venetian soda glass was widely used from the 15 th to the 17 th centuries (Verità ; Verità ), but after that period, it was progressively replaced by K‐rich Bohemian glass, Façon de Venise glass, and Pb‐rich English glass (Smit et al . , Cílová and Woitsch , Verità , Verità ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only exception was glass beads from Venice, where the flux was Na-rich coastal plant ashes originating from Syria, Egypt or Spain (Cannella 2006, Velde 2013, Moretti and Hreglich 2013, Verità 2013. The Venetian soda glass was widely used from the 15 th to the 17 th centuries (Verità 2013;Verità 2014), but after that period, it was progressively replaced by K-rich Bohemian glass, Façon de Venise glass, and Pb-rich English glass (Smit et al 2004, Cílová and Woitsch 2012, Verità 2013, Verità 2014.…”

Section: Origin and Dating Of Glass Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reliquary Bust of Saint Lambert from the Liège Cathedral, Belgium: Gemstones and Glass Beads Analysis by pXRF and Raman Spectroscopy

Bruni

Hatert

George³

et al. 2019

Archaeometry

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The reliquary bust of Saint Lambert, hosted in the Treasure of the Liège Cathedral, was produced in the early 15th century. This exceptional goldsmithery piece is covered with gold‐coated silver, and decorated by approximately 400 stones, analysed by Raman and pXRF techniques to determine their mineralogical and chemical composition. The results confirm the identification of one hundred pearls, twenty‐six rock crystals, ten amethysts, two diamonds, and numerous glass beads with a green, blue, colourless, turquoise, orange or red colour. The glass beads show a soda‐lime composition, confirming that they are contemporary of the bust and imported from Venice, as reported by historical sources. Orange beads show a lead composition and the red stone a triplet with quartz, indicating that they were added to the bust later. The cutting of gems and beads shows also a significant evolution. The metal contains approximately 60% of Au and 40% of Ag. The origin of gemstones was difficult to establish, due to the absence of characteristic trace elements, but the chemical elements used for the manufacture and colouring of the beads were determined. This study confirms the trade of stones between Liège and Venice during medieval times.

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Spread of façon-de-Venise glassmaking through central and western Europe

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

MPI‐DING reference glasses for in situ microanalysis: New reference values for element concentrations and isotope ratios

MPI‐DING reference glasses for in situ microanalysis: New reference values for element concentrations and isotope ratios

Composition of 12–18th century window glass in Belgium: Non-figurative windows in secular buildings and stained-glass windows in religious buildings

The Reliquary Bust of Saint Lambert from the Liège Cathedral, Belgium: Gemstones and Glass Beads Analysis by pXRF and Raman Spectroscopy

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