Spread of anthelmintic resistance in intestinal helminths of dogs and cats is currently less pronounced than in ruminants and horses – Yet it is of major concern

Samson‐Himmelstjerna, Georg von; Thompson, RC Andrew; Krücken, Jürgen; Grant, Warwick N.; Bowman, Dwight D.; Schnyder, Manuela; Deplazes, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.07.003

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The potential for the emergence of drug-resistant helminth populations has been attributed to a move away from infrequent, targeted treatments towards regular, metaphylactic treatment using broad-spectrum anthelmintics [ 8 ]. Indeed, reports of anthelminthic-resistant populations of canine parasites have emerged, including reports of resistant Dirofilaria immitis , Ancylostoma caninum and, most recently, Dipylidium caninum [ 3 , 9 ] . In a 2018 report, Dipylidium spp.…”

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Elimination of probable praziquantel-resistant Dipylidium caninum with nitroscanate in a mixed-breed dog: a case report

et al. 2022

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Background Praziquantel is the drug of choice for treating the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum in dogs; however, resistance is possible, and regular, non-targeted administration of praziquantel may select for anthelminthic-resistant populations. Methods The zinc sulfate fecal floatation procedure was conducted. Gross visualization was used to identify Dipylidium spp. segments, and capsule endoscopy was used to visualize adult tapeworms within the intestinal tract. Results An 18-month-old spayed female terrier mix was presented due to diarrhea, hematochezia and weight loss. The dog received appropriate anthelmintic therapy for Giardia spp., Ancylostoma spp. and Dipylidium spp. The dog’s clinical signs resolved, and elimination of Ancylostoma spp. was confirmed by subsequent fecal analysis. However, Dipylidium spp. segments were repeatedly present in the stool. Observation of the segments confirmed the presence of adult Dipylidium spp in feces. Treatment with praziquantel and epsiprantel were unsuccessful in eliminating the organism but was apparently successful in flea prevention. A single dose of nitrosconate was administered and eliminated Dipylidium spp. infection in the dog. Conclusions Nitrosconate can be an effective treatment for praziquantel-resistant dipylidiasis in dogs. The novel application of capsule endoscopy confirmed the anthelmintic efficacy of this treatment. Graphical Abstract

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Elimination of probable praziquantel-resistant Dipylidium caninum with nitroscanate in a mixed-breed dog: a case report

et al. 2022

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“…Many European reports describe a high prevalence of Ancylostomatidae, relative to other canine intestinal parasites, without providing details on species [1][2][3][4][5]. It would be helpful if future studies differentiate hookworm species, now of growing importance with the worrying emergence of multi-drug resistant A. caninum [39,40].…”

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Detection of Giardia and helminths in Western Europe at local K9 (canine) sites (DOGWALKS Study)

Drake

Sweet

Baxendale³

et al. 2022

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Background Intestinal parasite contamination from infected dogs can place other dogs and humans at risk. A study was initiated to estimate the prevalence of canine intestinal parasitism by collecting fecal samples in cities across Western Europe. Methods Fresh fecal samples were collected from 2469 dogs visiting 164 parks in 33 cities across 12 countries. Each owner responded to a questionnaire focusing on their dog’s signalment and recent anthelmintic treatment history. The collected samples were examined for hookworms, whipworms, ascarids and Giardia using a coproantigen diagnostic immunoassay and microscopy following centrifugal flotation. Results Nematodes or Giardia were detected in at least one sample from 100% of cities and in 93.3% of parks. Nematodes were detected in 57% of parks. Overall, 22.8% of dogs tested positive for an intestinal parasite, with Giardia being the most commonly identified parasites (17.3% of dogs, 83.5% of parks). For nematode infection, 7.6% of all dogs tested positive, with 9.9% of dogs aged < 1 year infected, 7.7% of those aged 1–3 years, 7.3% of those aged 4–6 years and 6.6% of those aged ≥ 7 years. Among the nematodes detected, ascarids were the most prevalent (3.6% of dogs, parks, 28.7% of parks), being most common in dogs aged < 1 year but also present in older dogs, including those aged ≥ 7 years. Hookworms and whipworms were detected in 3.2% and 2.3% of dogs of all ages, respectively, and in 37.2% and 17.7% of parks, respectively. A larger proportion of fecal samples tested positive with the coproantigen immunoassay than with centrifugal flotation. Positive test results for Giardia were sevenfold higher when both diagnostic tests were used than when centrifugal flotation alone was used, and there were 60% more positive test results for nematodes when both tests were used than when flotation alone was used. Overall, 77.2% of owners reported previous anthelmintic treatment, among whom at least 62.7% failed to follow recommended treatment frequency. Dogs receiving anthelmintic within the previous month had a lower percentage of nematode infection than those in which > 1 month had passed since the previous dose. Conclusions The prevalence estimates of intestinal parasite infections in dogs reported here highlight the need for owner education concerning guidelines for regular testing and treatment, even in older dogs. Failure to adhere to guidelines can result in ongoing transmission of these infections, including those with zoonotic potential. Combining coproantigen immunoassay with centrifugal flotation for diagnostic testing and regular anthelmintic treatment are important measures for ensuring optimal intestinal parasite control. Graphical Abstract

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“…No entanto, não existe um consenso quanto à eficácia dos fármacos no tratamento desta enfermidade (Wiśniewska-Ligier et al, 2012;Magnaval et al, 2022). Em cães e gatos a utilização indiscriminada pode estar contribuindo para o estabelecimento de resistência dos parasitos aos fármacos disponíveis (Samson-Himmelstjerna et al, 2021), assim como já descrito em parasitos gastrintestinais de animais de produção (Oliveira e Lestingi, 2011). Nesse contexto, estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos com T. canis e T. cati objetivando obter novas formas de controle da parasitose em humanos e animais, dentre elas destaca-se a avaliação do efeito plantas medicinais (Moudgil et al, 2015;Ramos et al, 2015;Ediriweera e Ratnasooriya, 2020;Hussein e Shukur, 2020).…”

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Potencial in vitro de óleos essenciais de plantas da família Lamiaceae em ovos e larvas de Toxocara spp.

et al. 2023

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Parasitos do gênero Toxocara, em especial Toxocara canis, destacam-se pela sua elevada prevalência e potencial zoonótico. Em virtude das altas taxas de parasitismo, associada ao desenvolvimento de resistência aos antihelmínticos pelos parasitos intestinais de cães e gatos, torna-se necessária a descoberta de novas opções. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a composição química e a atividade antihelmíntica in vitro de óleo essencial de plantas da família Lamiaceae frente a ovos e larvas de Toxocara spp. Para isso, a análise da composição dos óleos foi realizada utilizando a técnica de cromatografia gasosa e para avaliação da atividade antihelmíntica foram realizados testes ovicidas e larvicidas com seis diferentes concentrações dos óleos essenciais. Nos testes ovicidas, o óleo essencial de Origanum vulgare apresentou eficácia superior a 98,45%, nas concentrações superiores ou igual a 0,37mg/mL, enquanto Origanum majorana nas concentrações de 6 a 0,37mg/mL mostrou eficácia de 100%. Rosmarinus officinalis nas concentrações avaliadas (6 a 0,18mg/mL) não apresentou eficácia (inferior a 71,47%). Na atividade larvicida o óleo essencial de O. vulgare (6 a 0,37mg/mL) e o de O. majorana (6 a 1,5mg/mL) apresentaram eficácia superior a 97,88%, enquanto o de R. officinalis apresentou eficácia superior a 95,13% somente nas concentrações de 6 a 3%. Os resultados demonstraram que os óleos essenciais de O. vulgare, O. majorana e R. officinalis, possuem atividade ovicida e larvicida frente a ovos e larvas de Toxocara spp., sendo assim uma possível alternativa futura para o controle deste parasito zoonótico, a partir de estudos do mecanismo de ação e de toxicidade desses óleos.

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Spread of anthelmintic resistance in intestinal helminths of dogs and cats is currently less pronounced than in ruminants and horses – Yet it is of major concern

Cited by 30 publications

References 84 publications

Elimination of probable praziquantel-resistant Dipylidium caninum with nitroscanate in a mixed-breed dog: a case report

Elimination of probable praziquantel-resistant Dipylidium caninum with nitroscanate in a mixed-breed dog: a case report

Detection of Giardia and helminths in Western Europe at local K9 (canine) sites (DOGWALKS Study)

Potencial in vitro de óleos essenciais de plantas da família Lamiaceae em ovos e larvas de Toxocara spp.

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