Spread-F during the magnetic storm of 22 January 2004 at low latitudes: Effect of IMF-Bz in relation to local sunset time

Rastogi, R. G.; Chandra, H.; Janardhan, P.; Hoang, Thai Lan; Condorí, L.; Pant, Tarun Kumar; Prasad, D. S. V. V. D.; Reinisch, B. W.

doi:10.1007/s12040-014-0467-3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The direction of the convection electric field is eastward (westward) during the daytime (nighttime), as indicated by Kelley et al [20]. The prompt penetrating electric field (PPEF) at low latitudes usually occurs during the main phase of a geomagnetic storm [22,23]. On the other hand, during a geomagnetic storm, Joule heating occurs at high latitudes, which causes an intense disturbed global thermospheric neutral wind circulation and then initiates the disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF) in the ionosphere [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ionosonde Observations of Spread F and Spread Es at Low and Middle Latitudes during the Recovery Phase of the 7–9 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm

Wei

Jiang

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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This study presents observations of nighttime spread F/ionospheric irregularities and spread Es at low and middle latitudes in the South East Asia longitude of China sectors during the recovery phase of the 7–9 September 2017 geomagnetic storm. In this study, multiple observations, including a chain of three ionosondes located about the longitude of 100° E, Swarm satellites, and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ROTI maps, were used to study the development process and evolution characteristics of the nighttime spread F/ionospheric irregularities at low and middle latitudes. Interestingly, spread F and intense spread Es were simultaneously observed by three ionosondes during the recovery phase. Moreover, associated ionospheric irregularities could be observed by Swarm satellites and ground-based GNSS ionospheric TEC. Nighttime spread F and spread Es at low and middle latitudes might be due to multiple off-vertical reflection echoes from the large-scale tilts in the bottom ionosphere. In addition, we found that the periods of the disturbance ionosphere are ~1 h at ZHY station, ~1.5 h at LSH station and ~1 h at PUR station, respectively. It suggested that the large-scale tilts in the bottom ionosphere might be produced by LSTIDs (Large scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances), which might be induced by the high-latitude energy inputs during the recovery phase of this storm. Furthermore, the associated ionospheric irregularities observed by satellites and ground-based GNSS receivers might be caused by the local electric field induced by LSTIDs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Ionosonde Observations of Spread F and Spread Es at Low and Middle Latitudes during the Recovery Phase of the 7–9 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm

Wei

Jiang

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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“…The comparison showed that 12 out of 25 (i.e., about half) Irkutsk extreme ionospheric events may be related to SGSs. Among the SGSs accompanied by Irkutsk extreme ionospheric events, we found four intense storms (Dst ≤ −100 nT) that included the well-known Halloween storm, the severe storm of 15 December 2006 associated with the long-duration positive storm effect [33], the strong storm of 18 January 2005 associated with the extremely strong positive storm effect [34], and the strong storm of 22 January 2004 associated with the strong positive storm effect at low latitudes around local sunset time [35].…”

Section: Relation Of Extreme Ionospheric Events With Sgssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Extreme Ionospheric Events with Geomagnetic and Meteorological Activity

et al. 2022

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This paper studies extreme ionospheric events and their relations with geomagnetic and meteorological activity. With the long observation series at the Irkutsk (52° N, 104° E) and Kaliningrad (54° N, 20° E) ionosondes we obtained the datasets of ionospheric disturbances that were treated as relative deviations of the observed peak electron density values from their 27-day running median values. As the extreme disturbances, we considered cases when the disturbance was greater than 150%. As potential sources of extreme ionospheric disturbances, we considered sudden stratospheric warmings, geomagnetic storms by the criterion Dst ≤ −30 nT, and recurrent geomagnetic storms that did not necessarily satisfy the criterion Dst ≤ −30 nT. The morphological analysis showed that the extreme ionospheric disturbance was the nighttime phenomenon that occurs from late October to early March (mainly in December–January). Considering extreme ionospheric events as nights when disturbances were greater than 150%, we obtained 25 extreme ionospheric events (on average 1.8 events per year) from the 2003–2016 Irkutsk dataset and six extreme ionospheric events (on average 0.75 events per year) from the 2009–2016 Kaliningrad dataset. The year-by-year distribution of extreme events did not reveal a clear dependence on solar/geomagnetic activity in terms of yearly mean F10.7 and Ap values but showed a correlation between the number of events and the number of recurrent geomagnetic storms. The study of the relationship between extreme ionospheric events and manifestations of geomagnetic and meteorological activity revealed that about half of extreme ionospheric events may be related to geomagnetic storms by the criterion Dst ≤ −50 nT and/or sudden stratospheric warmings. Consideration of recurrent geomagnetic storms allowed us to find the sources of almost all extreme ionospheric events. Geomagnetic activity may be considered the main cause of extreme ionospheric events at Irkutsk (mainly associated with recurrent geomagnetic storms and partly with CME-storms); while the main cause of extreme ionospheric events at Kaliningrad is not clear (a comparable contribution of sudden stratospheric warmings and storms can be assumed).

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Equatorial electrojet in the Indian region during the geomagnetic storm of 13–14 November 1998

et al. 2016

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Spread-F during the magnetic storm of 22 January 2004 at low latitudes: Effect of IMF-Bz in relation to local sunset time

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Ionosonde Observations of Spread F and Spread Es at Low and Middle Latitudes during the Recovery Phase of the 7–9 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm

Ionosonde Observations of Spread F and Spread Es at Low and Middle Latitudes during the Recovery Phase of the 7–9 September 2017 Geomagnetic Storm

Relation of Extreme Ionospheric Events with Geomagnetic and Meteorological Activity

Equatorial electrojet in the Indian region during the geomagnetic storm of 13–14 November 1998

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