Spread and establishment of Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritiidae) in Nigeria, a biological control agent of Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H. Robinson

Ecological insights and environmental threats of invasive alien plant Chromolaena odorata: Prospects for sustainable management

“…Recent study by Idemudia et al (2022) also noted the effectiveness of C. connexa in West Africa when it was introduced in Côte d'Ivoire during 2003 to control of C. odorata. Their (Idemudia et al, 2022) results were in corroboration with the previous results and can be extrapolated to other African countries. Nevertheless, the ecosystem specific long-term effects of biological control should also be assessed to prevent their ecologically adverse implications and sideeffects on environmental sustainability (Cock et al, 2023).…”

“…Nevertheless, the C. connexa is widely perceived as effective biological control agent of C. odorata in African and other infested regions (Aigbedion-Atalor et al, 2021). Recent study by Idemudia et al (2022) also noted the effectiveness of C. connexa in West Africa when it was introduced in Côte d'Ivoire during 2003 to control of C. odorata. Their (Idemudia et al, 2022) results were in corroboration with the previous results and can be extrapolated to other African countries.…”

“…Biological control agent, the gall fly ( Cecidochares connexa ; Diptera: Tephritidae) was introduced into West Africa during 2003 to control the infestation of C. odorata (Idemudia et al, 2022). In West African context, the gall fly was successfully spread to potentially control the spread of C. odorata (Aigbedion‐Atalor et al, 2019; Idemudia et al, 2022). A study in Papua New Guinea has reported successful weed control by using gall fly (Day et al, 2011).…”