Spraying with Plant Growth Substances to Prevent Apple Fruit Dropping

Gardner, Fiona; Marth, Paul C.; Batjer, L. P.

doi:10.1126/science.90.2331.208

Cited by 48 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The effectiveness of 2,4-D and of NAA as preharvest sprays is compared in Table 1.24. Naphthaleneacetamide (NAD).-One of the first materials tested for control of fruit abscission, NAD gives good control of dropping, but is generally not so satisfactory as NAA for this purpose (Gardner et al, 1939).…”

Section: Control Of Dropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Fruit Production

Teskey

Shoemaker

1978

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This is a revised and updated edition of the book Tree Fruit Production, first published in 1959 and extensively revised in the second edition in 1972. Considerable advances have been made in recent years in the scientific production and handling of deciduous tree fruits in North America. This third edition brings together in up-to-date usable textbook form the essence of pertinent research and practical experience on the subject. Although the principles involved in the different operations of orchard management, such as pruning, soil management, fruit thinning, and harvesting remain constant, practices and techniques have been undergoing considerable change. Economic and social changes have been brought to bear in altering the approach to such aspects of pomology as tree size, plant density, mechanical harvesting, pest control and irrigation.Greatly increased costs of production have swung the emphasis of attention toward the wider use of organic chemicals in the orchard. Growth regulating substances are finding a place in the orchard, not only for fruit thinning, preharvest drop control and weed suppression, but also for other purposes such as promotion of early flowering, tree training, pruning and the advancement and extension of the harvest season.The trend toward the smaller, more easily and economically managed apple tree which began slowly some three or more decades ago and increased rapidly in subsequent years is now complete. This same trend, for the same reasons, is now beginning to involve the pear, the peach and the cherry. Thus, the constant search for suitable, size-controlling rootstocks is spreading from the apple to the other tree fruits as well.To comply with the demands of a changing market and with altering marketing methods, new cultivars of tree fruits are being developed. The modern cultivar may have to fit into a processing, farm market or consumer-pick operation. It must also satisfy the demands of new v vi TREE FRUIT PRODUCTION manual, semi-mechanical and mechanical harvesting methods. The cultivar must also be compatible with the dwarfing rootstock used and suited to the environmental conditions prevailing in each specific production area.Irrigation, which in earliest times was often a vital factor in fruit production, is now becoming a standard practice in many orchards outside of the arid and semiarid areas of the continent. As furrow irrigation has given way to the sprinkler system, so now the overhead sprinkler is being replaced by the more precise drip or trickle method.The large reference list has been updated where necessary and enriched where possible in order to provide even greater substance and scope to principles and practices presented in the text. Many changes have been made to the nearly 100 photographs and drawings with which the text is illustrated so that the illustrations truly reflect the timely character of the treatise.It is hoped that the material presented and the way in which it is presented will prove useful as a text and reference book and as a guide for orch...

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Section: Control Of Dropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree Fruit Production

Teskey

Shoemaker

1978

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“…1-Naphthaleneacetic acid and 2-naphthoxyacetic acid have been reported to act as plant-growth regulators. [2,3] Because of the importance of the title compounds, clean synthetic methods for them have gained considerable attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Benzenesulfonate–Promoted Eco-Friendly and Efficient Synthesis of 1-Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols

Wang¹,

Song²,

Liang³

2012

Synthetic Communications

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A three-component, one-pot condensation of 2-naphthol, aldehydes, and amides catalyzed by zinc benzenesulfonate gives 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols in good yields at 80 C under solvent-free conditions. The catalytic activities of zinc benzenesulfoante and 12 other metal benzenesulfonates were compared. After the reaction, zinc benzenesulfoante can be recycled several times without distinct loss of catalytic activity.

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“…1-Naphthaleneacetic acid and 2naphthoxyacetic acid have been reported to act as plant-growth regulators [6,7] [20], Zinc benzenesulfonate [21], PPA-SiO 2 [22], FeCl 3 .SiO 2 [23], Ce(SO 4 ) 2 [24] and Oxalic acid [25] have been reported. However, some of the reported methods suffer from disadvantages such as prolonged reaction time, higher reaction temperature (>100 o C), low product yields, use of toxic and corrosive solvents, and unconventional methodologies such as microwave or ultrasonic irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amidoalkyl Naphthols: Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) Catalyzed One-Pot, Multi-Component Synthesis

Patel¹

2013

J. Appl. Sol. Chem. Model.

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Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was found as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols from aromatic aldehydes, -naphthol and acetamide/benzamide under solvent free condition at 80 o C. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR and Mass spectra. The advantages of the new method were good yields, short reaction times, simple work-up, inexpensive and easily available catalyst and economical due to absence of solvent. Therefore, this method could be an attractive alternative to existing methods for the synthesis of biologically important amidoalkyl naphthols.

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Spraying with Plant Growth Substances to Prevent Apple Fruit Dropping

Cited by 48 publications

References 3 publications

Tree Fruit Production

Tree Fruit Production

Zinc Benzenesulfonate–Promoted Eco-Friendly and Efficient Synthesis of 1-Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols

Amidoalkyl Naphthols: Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) Catalyzed One-Pot, Multi-Component Synthesis

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