Spray retention, foliar uptake and translocation of glufosinate and glyphosate in Ambrosia artemisiifolia

Abstract

Ambrosia artemisiifolia plants exhibit stomata on both leaf surfaces and three types of trichomes: (i) small (<50 lm) spherical or ovoid, (ii) medium-sized (50-100 lm) and (iii) long (100-200 lm) and sharp. Only the long and sharp trichomes were stained with AgNO 3 , indicating the presence of hydrophilic domains. Epicuticular waxes appeared amorphous, consistent with high levels of spray retention. Glufosinate was readily taken up by A. artemisiifolia leaves, with maximum uptake of >80% of the applied label, and half maximum uptake being reached within 6 h. The foliar uptake of glyphosate was nearly complete and half of it was attained after 3 h. Glufosinate and glyphosate were ambimobile and their translocation out of the treated leaves amounted to 13-16% and 11-15% of the absorbed radioactive label respectively. Glufosinate was mainly directed to the apical developing tissues, with less amounts reaching the tissues below the treated leaves. Glyphosate was directed towards the sink tissues (apical developing tissues and roots). The sensitivity of A. artemisiifolia to glufosinate and glyphosate can be explained by high spray retention, rapid and important foliar uptake, and appreciable migration out of the parts of the plant hit by the spray.

Poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules carrying the herbicide atrazine: effect of chitosan-coating agent on physico-chemical stability and herbicide release profile

“…The experiments were performed in triplicate (n = 3) at 25°C coated NC presented lower association efficiency, they should be able to provide better interaction with the longchain hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, and triterpenes found in waxy plant cuticles (Baker 1982). This should improve the efficiency of absorption of the herbicide by the leaf, since the greater the retention of the active principle on the leaf surface, the greater its absorption and biological activity (Taylor 2011;Grangeot et al 2006;Pathan et al 2007).…”

Improving diquat efficacy on grasses by adding adjuvants to the spray solution before use

“…Spray retention on foliar surfaces usually determines, to a great extent, the efficient uptake and biological activity of agrochemicals (Grangeot et al, 2006), especially on leaves with difficult-to-wet surfaces covered with microcrystalline wax. If the spray droplet properties are not optimized, then the spray will bounce off the surface and be lost to the ground, whereas spray retention is less of a concern on plants with smooth wax surfaces because even water alone will probably adhere.…”

Common Cocklebur (<i>Xanthium strumarium</i>) Response to Nicosulfuron

“…Also, morphological characteristics of plants like morphoanatomical characteristics of leaves (Lisek et al, 2002), stomata characteristics (Schreiber, 2005) and the presence of hairs on the leaves (Grangeot et al, 2006) could be responsible for the susceptibility of plants to herbicides.…”