Spray-pyrolysis-assisted synthesis of yolk@shell anatase with rich oxygen vacancies for efficient sodium storage

Chen, Zhuo; Xu, Long‐He; Chen, Qiang; Hu, Ping; Liu, Zhenhui; Yu, Qiang; Zhu, Ting; Liu, Huancheng; Hu, Guangwu; Zhu, Zhenye; Zhou, Liang; Mai, Liqiang

doi:10.1039/c8ta11440d

Cited by 41 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Research on sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries (SIBs and PIBs) has been rapidly increasing since the late 2000s to examine their feasibility to serve as the alternatives of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. One may argue that the theoretical capacity of a metallic Li anode is 3,861 mAh•g −1 , which is much larger than those of Na and K anodes (1,166 and 685 mAh•g −1 , respectively) [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected intercalation-dominated potassium storage in WS2 as a potassium-ion battery anode

et al. 2019

Nano Res.

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Unexpected intercalation-dominated process is observed during K + insertion in WS 2 in a voltage range of 0.01-3.0 V. This is different from the previously reported two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides that undergo a conversion reaction in a low voltage range when used as anodes in potassium-ion batteries. Charge/discharge processes in the K and Na cells are studied in parallel to demonstrate the different ion storage mechanisms. The Na + storage proceeds through intercalation and conversion reactions while the K + storage is governed by an intercalation reaction. Owing to the reversible K + intercalation in the van der Waals gaps, the WS 2 anode exhibits a low decay rate of 0.07% per cycle, delivering a capacity of 103 mAh•g −1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA•g −1. It maintains 57% capacity at 800 mA•g −1 and shows stable cyclability up to 400 cycles at 500 mA•g −1. Kinetics study proves the facilitation of K + transport is derived from the intercalation-dominated mechanism. Furthermore, the mechanism is verified by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, showing that the progressive expansion of the interlayer space can account for the observed results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected intercalation-dominated potassium storage in WS2 as a potassium-ion battery anode

et al. 2019

Nano Res.

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“…[53,54] The high resolution Ti 2p spectrum of commercial TiO 2 has two peaks at 458.6 and 464.4 eV, corresponding to Ti 4 + 2p 3/2 and Ti 4 + 2p 1/2 , respectively. An additional pair of peaks located at 457.8 and 463.3 eV, corresponding to Ti 3 + 2p 3/2 and Ti 3 + 2p 1/2 , [34,55] respectively, are observed for the TiO x sample. The presence of Ti 3 + in TiO 2 is accompanied with oxygen vacancies, which agrees to the observed oxygen vacancies in the O 1s spectrum for the TiO x nanoparticle sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…[24,25] On the other hand, the existence of oxygen vacancies in our TiO x nanoparticles also account for the enhanced electronic conductivity and Li + diffusion kinetics, which have been observed previously for TiO 2 anodes that contains oxygen vacancies. [22,23,34,35]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22] Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have shown that the Fermi level of TiO 2 with oxygen vacancies shifts toward the conduction band, which explains the enhancement of electrical conductivity by introducing oxygen vacancies. [34] Shin et al found that the electronic conductivity of TiO 2 can be improved with increasing oxygen vacancies. [22] Qiu et al used an enhanced hydrogenation process to obtain blue rutile TiO 2 nanoparticles rich in oxygen vacancies, which showed discharge capacities of 179.8 mAh g À 1 and 129.2 mAh g À 1 at 33.6 mA g À 1 and 1680 mA g À 1 , respectively, which are about 2 times those of the normal white TiO 2 nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasmall TiO_x Nanoparticles Rich in Oxygen Vacancies Synthesized through a Simple Strategy for Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Gao

She

et al. 2020

ChemElectroChem

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Ultrasmall particle size (< 10 nm) and rich oxygen vacancies are two sought-after characteristics for titanium dioxide (TiO 2) to achieve high performance, namely, high rate and high storage capacity, when being used as an anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, free TiO 2 particles simultaneously possessing both characteristics have not been reported, owing to the synthetic challenges. In this study, we report novel TiO 2 nanoparticles with ultrasmall size (ca. 5-8 nm) as well as rich oxygen vacancies synthesized through a simple strategy. Specifically, porous carbon nanoparticles were used to confine the TiO 2 precursor in the nanosized pores in the carbon nanoparticles, which were annealed at a high temperature in argon to produce the TiO 2 nanoparticles with ultrasmall size and rich oxygen vacancies and subsequently annealed in air to burn away the carbon nanoparticles to afford the so-called TiO x nanoparticles in a quantitative yield. The obtained anatase TiO x nanoparticles showed an exceptional ultrahigh-rate lithium storage capability. A record reversible specific capacity of 235 mAh g À 1 was achieved at the current density of 0.1 A g À 1. Even at an ultrahigh rate of 10 A g À 1 (ca. 59 C), it still delivered a specific capacity of 90 mAh g À 1 , which is five times that of the electrode made with the commercial anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, this electrode also showed an excellent cycling performance with capacity retentions of 87 % and 90 % at high rates of 1 A g À 1 and 5 A g À 1 , respectively, after 1000 cycles. The strategy reported in this work can potentially be a universal method for synthesis of other metal oxides with ultrasmall particle size and rich oxygen vacancies.

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“…[30] As a matter of fact, the heat-treatment process, which could trigger matter relocation of solid materials, is becoming one of the most effective roads to construct hollow nanostructures. This mechanism can be used for the thermal decomposition of metal carbonate and metal-organic composite precursors to prepare metal oxides hollow nanomaterials, such as Mn 2 O 3 , [31] Nb 2 O 5 , [32] TiO 2À x , [33] etc., which has broad prospects in reducing the manufacturing cost of metal oxide hollow structures and achieving large-scale preparation and application. The precursors which are used to prepare these metal oxides, such as MOFs, usually have high surface area, high porosity, adjustable pore size and controllable structure.…”

Section: Kirkendall Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow‐Structured Electrode Materials: Self‐Templated Synthesis and Their Potential in Secondary Batteries

Sun

et al. 2020

ChemNanoMat

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Hollow‐structured electrode materials have found broad applications in secondary batteries. The built‐in cavity of the prepared materials shows favorable features such as structural stability against volumetric deformation, good reservoir for electrolyte, and fast charge transport kinetics, which are highly efficient to improve the electrochemical performance of the electrode materials, particularly their cycling stability and high rate capability. However, the full potential of hollow‐structured materials is restrained by their limited synthesis capability, which currently relies on template‐based protocols with well‐known challenges in both product yield and operational convenience. In this review, the recent progress on different synthetic methodologies for the creation of hollow structures without the use of extra templates is summarized. Starting from solid precursors, focus is laid on the formation mechanisms for the creation of a cavity inside the electrode materials, and subsequently different driving forces such as Ostwald ripening, Kirkendall effect, and selective etching of an inhomogeneous particle are discussed, highlighting the self‐templated processes as designable and scalable ones with good control on the key structural characters. Furthermore, the applications of hollow structures in different kinds of battery systems are discussed in terms of building up a clear structure‐performance relationship of the electrode materials. Finally, we provide a perspective on the development trends of self‐templated construction of hollow structures.

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Spray-pyrolysis-assisted synthesis of yolk@shell anatase with rich oxygen vacancies for efficient sodium storage

Abstract: Yolk@shell structured TiO2−x with rich oxygen vacancies manifests high specific capacity and excellent cyclability in sodium storage.

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Unexpected intercalation-dominated potassium storage in WS2 as a potassium-ion battery anode

Unexpected intercalation-dominated potassium storage in WS2 as a potassium-ion battery anode

Ultrasmall TiO_x Nanoparticles Rich in Oxygen Vacancies Synthesized through a Simple Strategy for Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Hollow‐Structured Electrode Materials: Self‐Templated Synthesis and Their Potential in Secondary Batteries

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Spray-pyrolysis-assisted synthesis of yolk@shell anatase with rich oxygen vacancies for efficient sodium storage

Abstract: Yolk@shell structured TiO2−x with rich oxygen vacancies manifests high specific capacity and excellent cyclability in sodium storage.

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Unexpected intercalation-dominated potassium storage in WS2 as a potassium-ion battery anode

Unexpected intercalation-dominated potassium storage in WS2 as a potassium-ion battery anode

Ultrasmall TiOx Nanoparticles Rich in Oxygen Vacancies Synthesized through a Simple Strategy for Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Hollow‐Structured Electrode Materials: Self‐Templated Synthesis and Their Potential in Secondary Batteries

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Ultrasmall TiO_x Nanoparticles Rich in Oxygen Vacancies Synthesized through a Simple Strategy for Ultrahigh‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Batteries