Spray Drying: An Overview

Abstract

Spray drying is a well-known method of particle production which comprises the transformation of a fluid material into dried particles, taking advantage of a gaseous hot drying medium, with clear advantages for the fabrication of medical devices. In fact, it is quite common the production of microspheres and microcapsules designed for drug delivery systems. This review describes the different stages of the mechanism of the spray-drying process: atomization, droplet-to-particle conversion and particle collection. In particular, this work addresses the diversity of available atomizers, the drying kinetics and the importance of the configuration of the drying chamber, and the efficiency of the collection devices. The final properties of the dried products are influenced by a variety of factors, namely the spray dryer design, the feed characteristics and the processing parameters. The impact of those variables in optimizing both the spray-drying process and the synthesis of dried particles with desirable characteristics is discussed. The scalability of this manufacturing process in obtaining dried particles in submicron-to-micron scale favors a variety of applications within the food, chemical, polymeric, pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical industries.

Encapsulation of Vitamins A and E as Spray-Dried Additives for the Feed Industry

“…Several factors are involved in the product yield, such as the wall material selection, the vitamin-wall ratio and the drying conditions. In this regard, the majority presence of MD with low dextrose equivalence (DE) of 20 with a glass transition temperature (T g ) of 141 • C [45,46], may increase the overall T g of the mixture and, therefore, avoid the transition of the capsules from the glassy to the rubbery state and subsequent particle sticking to the chamber walls during drying at the outlet temperature of 74 • C [47][48][49][50][51]. In terms of vitamin-wall ratio, the selection of 1:6 (w:w) proportion may have furtherly contributed to preventing vitamin droplets from sticking on the chamber surface.…”

“…In terms of vitamin-wall ratio, the selection of 1:6 (w:w) proportion may have furtherly contributed to preventing vitamin droplets from sticking on the chamber surface. Finally, it is important to remark that the drying process was carried out in a small surface area that promoted the heat and mass transfer, removing water more efficiently [45,49,52].…”

“…According to Tontul and Topuz, the moisture content of powder produced by spray-drying must be lower than 5%, allowing long-term product storage [45]. Given the absence of a dehumidification accessory in the inlet air of the spray drying process to control its relative humidity [49], values slightly above 5% were found [51]. Moreover, some studies revealed that the use of MD with a high dextrose equivalent (DE), as in this case (DE20), might contribute to increasing the sample hygroscopicity due to a great number of ramifications with hydrophilic groups.…”

Injectables and Depots to Prolong Drug Action of Proteins and Peptides

“…Spray drying is a well-established method that utilises a gaseous hot drying medium [ 134 ]. Upon nebulisation of a suspension or emulsion, the liquid phase is rapidly evaporated by hot air (or nitrogen) at a high temperature (150–300 °C) to yield particles [ 114 , 134 ].…”

Mikroenkapsulasi Konsentrat Asam Lemak Tak Jenuh Dari Minyak Ikan Patin

“…Sehingga memungkinkan untuk mendapatkan bubuk dengan stabilitas yang baik dan memiliki ukuran partikel yang kecil. Pada dasarnya sifat akhir dari produk mikroenkapsulasi dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor seperti desain spray dryer, bahan penyalut, pengemulsi, dan keseluruhan tahapan mikroenkapsulasi (Santos et al, 2017). Penelitian mengenai mikroenkapsulasi konsentrat PUFA minyak ikan patin belum pernah dilaporkan, baik dari segi penggunaan teknik spray drying maupun bahan penyalut berupa maltodekstrin dan natrium kaseinat.…”