spray Deposits and Drop Size Spectra from a High Wing Monoplane Fitted with Rotary Atomizers

Cadogan, Beresford L.; Zylstra, B. F.; Nyström, Christer; Pollock, Luke; Ebling, P. M.

doi:10.13031/2013.30162

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Some investigators have reported that small droplets are more potent than large ones because they cover better, injure the target areas less, and penetrate and translocate the active material more (1,2,9,13,18,20,22,23,25,27,28,30,32,37,38). Others, on the other hand, report that large drops are more effective than small drops (34) and that small droplets drift, tend to contaminate non-target areas, and may evaporate so rapidly that they become ineffective after emission from the spray nozzles (4,5,6,7,8,11,14,17,26). Still others (3,8,15,21,29) found that droplet size did not influence weed control under field conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small droplets may be retained better on foliage sur faces and may penetrate more rapidly than large droplets so that less active ingredient is needed (18,19). Small droplets also have a greater potential to drift and degrade their active ingredient faster than large drops (11). Clearly, there is a whole array of factors such as droplet size, its volatility, its concentration, its deposition, and finally its uptake by the plant that are involved (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Droplet Size and Density on Phytotoxicity of Three Herbicides

Prasad

Cadogan

1992

Weed technol.

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The effects of droplet size and numerical deposit density on herbicide efficacy differed among investigations that relied on commercial nozzles to produce droplets strictly within small, medium, or large sizes. A droplet generator capable of producing uniform and homogeneous droplets was therefore used in a greenhouse experiment. Four droplet size classes (150, 350, 450, and 650 μm) using glyphosate, hexazinone, and triclopyr on red alder, aspen, and white birch were studied. Herbicides applied in small (150 to 450-μm) droplets were more phytotoxic than large (660-μm) ones because of their greater numerical coverage and translocation. Leaf age, weed species, herbicide type, and mixture of droplet sizes were not critical in modifying the effects of droplet behavior; however, the concentrations of herbicide used had a positive effect. When the herbicides were applied at high concentrations, the influence of droplet size was nullified. These findings may help reduce the cost of application and the chemical burden in a forest environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Droplet Size and Density on Phytotoxicity of Three Herbicides

Prasad

Cadogan

1992

Weed technol.

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“…However, results from previous research on the relationship between droplet size and biological activity of herbicides are contradictory, because other scientists reported that large droplets are more effective than small droplets (Bode 1984, Cadogan et al 1986). Still others found that droplet size did not influence weed control (Gebhardt et al 1986, Liu et al 1996.…”

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confidence: 96%

Influence of droplet spectra on the efficiency of contact and systemic herbicides

Prokop¹,

Veverka²

2003

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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The effect of droplet spectra on efficiency of contact and systemic herbicides was evaluated. As a model components were used: mixture of clethodim 240 g/l + surfactant (90% raps fluid, 10% polyetoxyl esters); bentazon 600 g/l and bentazon 480 g/l + Wettol LF 150 g/l. The effect of droplet spectra on Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. was evaluated using systemic herbicide (clethodim 240 g/l + surfactant). No significant differences of the efficiency were observed between different droplet sizes at the treatments of mixture of clethodim + adjuvant between very different droplet size ranging from VMD = 193 µm to VMD = 929 µm. The effect of droplet spectra on Chenopodium album L. and Galium aparine L. was evaluated using contact herbicides (bentazon 600 g/l and bentazon 480 g/l + Wettol LF 150 g/l). Six droplet spectra, ranging from VMD = 183 µm to VMD = 911 µm, were used. The efficiency significantly increased with smaller droplet sizes. The worst results were achieved by droplet spectra of 586 µm and 911 µm for both bentazon 600 g/l and bentazon 480 g/l + Wettol LF 150 g/l. Effect of droplet spectra is more pronounced in contact compounds. Translocation of systemic compounds may be the main mechanism that nullifies the effect of the droplets size and lower leaf coverage.

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“…Others found out no relationship between coverage and herbicidal effi cacy (Gebhardt et al, 1986;Liu et al, 1996). And fi nally there are studies when large droplets are more eff ective than small droplets (Bode, 1984;Cadogan et al, 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

Leaves coverage of spray liquid and influence on herbicide efficacy

Prokop¹

2014

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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PROKOP, M.: Leaves coverage of spray liquid and infl uence on herbicide effi cacy. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 5, pp. 263-270 The eff ect of spray liquid leaves coverage on effi cacy of herbicides was investigated. Five nozzles sizes were used to reach diff erent percentage coverage. The eff ect of leaves coverage on Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. was evaluated using systemic herbicide (clethodim 240 g / l + surfactant) and the eff ect of leaves coverage on Chenopodium album L. and Galium aparine L. was evaluated using contact herbicides (bentazone 600 g / l and the mixture of bentazone 480 g / l + activator 150 g / l). No signifi cant diff erences of the effi cacy were observed between diff erent percentages of leaves coverage in case of systemic herbicides. Vice versa the effi cacy signifi cantly increased with higher percentage of leaves coverage in case of contact herbicides. pesticide application, leaves coverage, herbicides, clethodim, bentazone Direct control of weed in agricultural crops is nowa days realized in two main ways. The fi st approach uses the mechanical control of weed and the second means chemical control by using of herbicides. The second approach is widely accepted but may cause signifi cant contamination of environment. This fact forces users of plant protection product to use more saving methods preferably at remaining of suffi cient effi cacy level.Dri of spray droplets, especially the pesticide contained in the droplets, is the most important factor which contributes to environmental contamination (Hanks, 1995). It is infl uenced by many factors such as spray droplet spectra, wind speed, physical properties of liquid, air stability, temperature and humidity. It was found out that especially droplets less than 80 μm are prone to be dri ed even at common meteorological conditions (Miller, 1993). The optimal spray spectrum of spray droplets ranges from 80-150 μm. Generally is valid that larger droplet spectra decrease the risk of dri . On the other hand larger droplets mean greater volume of water when we want to maintain an appropriate coverage and effi cacy, which means greater cost. In the in terest of reaching the best possible coverage at an econo my volume of water it is very o en necessary, especially in case of contact herbicides, to choose variant with fi ne droplet spectra.That is why is important to know when a plant protection product is still effi cient enough and when not. Many authors have studied relationship between droplet size, droplet density and co vera ge and their infl uence on effi cacy of herbicides. The outputs from these studies are diff erent. Some of them found out that better coverage positively infl uences herbicides effi cacy (

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spray Deposits and Drop Size Spectra from a High Wing Monoplane Fitted with Rotary Atomizers

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Droplet Size and Density on Phytotoxicity of Three Herbicides

Influence of Droplet Size and Density on Phytotoxicity of Three Herbicides

Influence of droplet spectra on the efficiency of contact and systemic herbicides

Leaves coverage of spray liquid and influence on herbicide efficacy

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