Spray-Coated Liquid Metal Reflectors for Transparent Hydrogel Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers

Kim, Kwangseok; Kim, Seokbeom; Kim, Taejoon; Kim, Wonjung; Lee, Jungchul

doi:10.1109/jmems.2016.2589539

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The nozzle directs a stream of particles onto a substrate until the particles cover the surface with a complete film. This process is compatible with a variety of substrates, as seen in prior work [ 52 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 59 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. While others have shown that patterning is possible using a directed laser to ablate liquid metal from the surface [ 53 ], here we make use of vinyl stencils (also commonly used in the crafting community) adhered to the substrate to pattern the metal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Aerosol Spray Deposition of Liquid Metal and Elastomer Coatings for Rapid Processing of Stretchable Electronics

et al. 2021

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We report a spray deposition technique for patterning liquid metal alloys to form stretchable conductors, which can then be encapsulated in silicone elastomers via the same spraying procedure. While spraying has been used previously to deposit many materials, including liquid metals, this work focuses on quantifying the spraying process and combining it with silicones. Spraying generates liquid metal microparticles (~5 μm diameter) that pass through openings in a stencil to produce traces with high resolution (~300 µm resolution using stencils from a craft cutter) on a substrate. The spraying produces sufficient kinetic energy (~14 m/s) to distort the particles on impact, which allows them to merge together. This merging process depends on both particle size and velocity. Particles of similar size do not merge when cast as a film. Likewise, smaller particles (<1 µm) moving at the same speed do not rupture on impact either, though calculations suggest that such particles could rupture at higher velocities. The liquid metal features can be encased by spraying uncured silicone elastomer from a volatile solvent to form a conformal coating that does not disrupt the liquid metal features during spraying. Alternating layers of liquid metal and elastomer may be patterned sequentially to build multilayer devices, such as soft and stretchable sensors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Aerosol Spray Deposition of Liquid Metal and Elastomer Coatings for Rapid Processing of Stretchable Electronics

et al. 2021

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“…Nowadays, atomic force microscopy (AFM), which was developed in the 1980s [1] is considered one of the most important tools for measuring and analyzing samples in the micro-and nano-scale [2], and has been constantly under development with respect to scanning probes [3,4]. A significant advantage of this technique is the possibility of measuring not only the topography of samples, but also such forces as adhesion, friction and viscosity, which impact the operation of many devices [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFM cantilevers with spherical tip of millimeter size

Michałowski

Łuczak

2018

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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The fabrication and application of a new type of cantilever for atomic force microscopes are presented. The beams of the cantilevers are made from a thin sheet of beryllium copper, featuring a bending stiffness in a wide range of 2-1900 N m −1 , onto which a ball is cemented, whose diameter can be in the range of 0.1-1 mm. The basic properties of the cantilevers (longitudinal and torsional rigidity, tip diameter and material) can be easily changed. The cost of fabricating the cantilevers is considerably lower compared to their commercial counterparts, whereas their quality is approximately the same. Using these cantilevers, it is possible to perform measurements of the tribological properties of material pairs such as steelmolybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), steel-lead (Pb) and polymer-polymer. The larger radius of the cantilever tip also enables measurements of viscosity, and decreases the contact pressure, which is crucial in measurements of biological samples.

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“…The thin oxide layer of EGaIn (thickness of ∼3 nm, Ga 2 O 3 ) readily forms on the surface under ambient conditions via native oxidation, which imparts good adhesion to a variety of surfaces including low-surface energy nonpolar surfaces and polar surfaces . Owing to these characteristics, EGaIn particles have been successfully employed in various soft-electronic fabrication techniques such as direct writing, , spray deposition, , designed circuit transfer, , on a embedding single layer, , and shear mixing with matrix polymers. ,, In previous studies, by utilizing EGaIn particles with passivated Ga 2 O 3 layers, which can be easily fractured by a pressure of only a few kilopascals, stress-responsive electrical circuitries were demonstrated, where percolated liquid metal circuits were developed upon mechanical deformation ,,,,− The examples include pressure-sensitive circuits and stretchable electrodes. Owing to the difficulty of self-recovery to the original spherical droplets with the native oxide layers, most of the previously demonstrated liquid metals were, however, unsuitable for rewritable applications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rewritable, Printable Conducting Liquid Metal Hydrogel

et al. 2019

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The development of high-performance printable electrical circuits, particularly based on liquid metals, is fundamental for device interconnection in flexible electronics, motivating numerous attempts to develop a variety of alloys and their composites. Despite their great potential, rewritable and printable electronic circuits based on liquid metals are still manufactured on demand. In this study, we demonstrate liquid metal-based hydrogels suitable for rewritable, printable electrical circuits. Our liquid metal hydrogels are based on sedimentation-induced composites of eutectic gallium−indium (EGaIn) particles in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). The EGaIn particles are vertically phase-segregated in the PEGDA. When a composite surface with high EGaIn content is gently scratched, the surface covering PEGDA is removed, followed by the rupture of the native oxide layers of the particles, and the exposed EGaIn becomes conductive. The subsequent water-driven swelling of PEGDA on the scratched surface completely erases the conductive circuit, causing the system to reset. Our friction-responsive liquid metal hydrogel exhibits writing−erasing endurance for 20 cycles, with a dramatic change in the electrical resistance from metal (∼1 Ω) to insulator (∼10 7 Ω). By employing surface friction pen printing, we demonstrate mechanically flexible, rewritable, printable electrical conductors suitable for displays.

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Spray-Coated Liquid Metal Reflectors for Transparent Hydrogel Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Aerosol Spray Deposition of Liquid Metal and Elastomer Coatings for Rapid Processing of Stretchable Electronics

Aerosol Spray Deposition of Liquid Metal and Elastomer Coatings for Rapid Processing of Stretchable Electronics

AFM cantilevers with spherical tip of millimeter size

Rewritable, Printable Conducting Liquid Metal Hydrogel

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