Spray Characteristics of Liquid Jet Traversing Subsonic Airstreams

Inamura, Tomonari; Nagai, Nobuki

doi:10.2514/2.5156

Cited by 87 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…, which is consistent with the great number of experimental studies devoted to jet atomisation in cross flow (Oda et al 1994;Inamura and Nagai 1997;Wu et al 1998). Such studies have been conducted for injectors of smaller size, many of which consider fuel jets and mixing of liquid propellants in the combustion process.…”

Section: Drop Pattern Sizesupporting

confidence: 60%

Air tanker drop patterns

Legendre

Becker²,

Alméras

et al. 2014

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. Abstract. Ground patterns of liquid aerial drops for combating wildfires are considered. Based on a significant number of drop tests performed using different airplanes and helicopters, a simple model for the length, the width and the coverage distribution is presented. At first order both the length and the width of the drop pattern can be described using simple relations despite the significant difference between the conditions of the drop tests considered. These relations include factors that can be manipulated during aircraft and release system design, as well as during aerial firefighting operations. The liquid on the ground follows a Gaussian distribution that makes possible an original prediction of the maximum coverage level on the pattern centreline confirmed by the experiments. The difference between gravity systems and recent pressurised systems is also discussed. We show a clear difference between gravity systems and pressurised systems. The width is larger for pressurised systems, resulting in a smaller coverage for the same condition of drop.

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Section: Drop Pattern Sizesupporting

confidence: 60%

Air tanker drop patterns

Legendre

Becker²,

Alméras

et al. 2014

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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“…Therefore, an introduction and literature review into the subject of liquid jets breakup in a transverse gas flow (crossflow) is provided here (see Figure 17). It is known that the liquid jet flattens and bends in the crossflow direction due to the presence of the crossflow dynamic pressure [168][169][170][171][172][173][174]. As it is demonstrated in Figure 17, the spray field generated by a jet in crossflow can be divided into three regions: (1) intact liquid column; (2) ligaments; and (3) droplets [173][174][175][176].…”

Section: Liquid Jet In Crossflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Fluid Dynamics and Transport of Suspension/Liquid Droplets and Particles in High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel (HVOF) Thermal Spray

2015

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Abstract:In thermal spraying processes, molten, semi-molten, or solid particles, which are sufficiently fast in a stream of gas, are deposited on a substrate. These particles can plastically deform while impacting on the substrate, which results in the formation of well-adhered and dense coatings. Clearly, particles in flight conditions, such as velocity, trajectory, temperature, and melting state, have enormous influence on the coating properties and should be well understood to control and improve the coating quality. The focus of this study is on the high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying and high velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS) techniques, which are widely used in academia and industry to generate different types of coatings. Extensive numerical and experimental studies were carried out and are still in progress to estimate the particle in-flight behavior in thermal spray processes. In this review paper, the fundamental phenomena involved in the mentioned thermal spray techniques, such as shock diamonds, combustion, primary atomization, secondary atomization, etc., are discussed comprehensively. In addition, the basic aspects and emerging trends in simulation of thermal spray processes are reviewed. The numerical approaches such as Eulerian-Lagrangian and volume of fluid along with their advantages and disadvantages are explained in detail. Furthermore, this article provides a detailed review on simulation studies published to date. OPEN ACCESSCoatings 2015, 5 577

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“…This ratio is important as it is proportional to the ratio of droplet thermal inertia to heat transfer rate. The experimental relationship between water flow rate and droplet SMD for several spray nozzles [15][16][17] at atmospheric pressure are shown in Figure 9. These measurements indicate that it is not easy to simultaneously achieve large liquid flow rate and small drop size TABLE II.…”

Section: B Influence Of Spray Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray-cooling concept for wind-based compressed air energy storage

Qin

Loth

et al. 2014

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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Wind turbine output energy varies over time with local wind speed and is typically inconsistent with grid power demand. Without energy storage, the resulting difference between rated (peak) power and average power output leads to oversizing of electrical generator and transmission lines. This conventional arrangement can be avoided if wind turbines can be coupled with energy storage to eliminate the output variations and instead produce their average power on a continuous basis. This would allow a smaller, lower-cost, constant-speed generator and a reduced capacity transmission system sized only for average power output. To accomplish this goal, this study discusses a concept for a storage system for a 5 MW off-shore wind turbine, which integrates a spray-based compressed air energy storage with a 35 MPa accumulator. The compressor employs a liquid piston for air sealing and employs water spray to augment heat transfer for high-efficiency. The overall compression is proposed in three stages with pressure ratios of 10:1, 7:1, and 5:1, all operated at 1 Hz to maintain moderate liquid surface acceleration. Based on a simple and fundamental description of the system, compression efficiency was found to be strongly dependent on droplet surface area, which can be achieved through either high mass loading or small drop sizes. The simulations also show that direct injection spray can increase overall three-stage compression efficiency to as high as 89%, substantially better than the 27% associated with a conventional adiabatic compression at the same pressure ratio. In addition, this study introduces a key performance parameter, termed the Levelization Factor, which can be used to quantify the impact of storage on wind energy systems. However, experiments and simulations based on 3-D geometries with design details are needed to determine the potential of this concept. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Spray Characteristics of Liquid Jet Traversing Subsonic Airstreams

Cited by 87 publications

References 13 publications

Air tanker drop patterns

Air tanker drop patterns

A Comprehensive Review on Fluid Dynamics and Transport of Suspension/Liquid Droplets and Particles in High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel (HVOF) Thermal Spray

Spray-cooling concept for wind-based compressed air energy storage

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