Spray atomization of bio-oil/ethanol blends with externally mixed nozzles

Lujaji, Frank; Boateng, Akwasi A.; Schaffer, Mark A.; Mtui, Peter; Mkilaha, Iddi S. N.

doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.10.020

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…An ultrasonic processor (SJIA-150W, Ningbo YinZhou SjiaLab Equipment Co., Ltd., China) was used to homogenize the mixture. The ultrasonic time (2,5,10,11,13,15, and 20 min) and ultrasonic power (5,35,45,55,65,75, and 105 W/ L) were considered when determining the effects of ultrasonic treatment. The HHV, viscosity, moisture content, and pH of each blend were measured and recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, adding alcohols to bio-oil has many advantages. The addition of alcohols can compensate for low octane numbers, allow atomizing combustion, and improve the heating value of bio-oil. , The low viscosity of alcohols can decrease the viscosity and increase the stability of bio-oil. ,, Research by Ye et al showed that the removal efficiency of organic acid was a maximum of 84.8% when bio-oil, methanol, and 2-methylfuran were blended in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:0.5 . Although the addition of alcohol to bio-oil can lead to esterification reactions, which produce esters and water, many studies have shown that the moisture content of bio-oil is reduced instead of increased due to the dilution effect of adding an anhydrous alcohol. ,− When 30 wt % methanol was added to bio-oil, the moisture content of the blend decreased from 15.2 to 11.2% …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of alcohols can compensate for low octane numbers, allow atomizing combustion, and improve the heating value of bio-oil. 15,16 The low viscosity of alcohols can decrease the viscosity and increase the stability of bio-oil. 10,17,18 Research by Ye et al showed that the removal efficiency of organic acid was a maximum of 84.8% when biooil, methanol, and 2-methylfuran were blended in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:0.5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ultrasonic-Assisted Upgrading of the Heavy Bio-Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Pine Nut Shells with Methanol and Octanol Solvents

et al. 2019

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Bio-oil from biomass is considered a promising fuel candidate due to its high energy density. The organic molecules in bio-oil (heavy bio-oil) that are highly viscous and corrosive are the main obstacles to the industrial application of this oil. A mixture of methanol and n-octanol with a mass fraction of 25% was added to the oil as a solvent, and the mixture was blended via ultrasonic treatment to improve the quality and combustion properties of the heavy bio-oil obtained from pine nut shell pyrolysis. The effects of the ultrasonic power and time on the properties of the blend were studied, and the results showed that the heavy bio-oil blend had a superior higher heating value of 34.18 MJ/kg and a viscosity of 260 mPa s when the ultrasonic time was 11 min and the power was 55 W/L. Moreover, there was no stratification in the heavy bio-oil blend after 112 days of storage, and the moisture content and pH of the blend remained relatively constant. A model system that mimiced the heavy bio-oil was subjected to ultrasonic treatment and mechanical agitation, and the results of these experiments were compared. Alkenes that were not found in the untreated heavy bio-oil or in the mechanically agitated sample were observed following ultrasonication. Ultrasonic treatment could efficiently inhibit aging reactions and promote ring-opening reactions in heavy bio-oil blends to produce alkenes, thereby improving the performance of the heavy bio-oil.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ultrasonic-Assisted Upgrading of the Heavy Bio-Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Pine Nut Shells with Methanol and Octanol Solvents

et al. 2019

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“…Avulapati and Ravikrishna [12] used the air-assisted impinging jet for atomization of Jatropha oil to achieve Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) of 50 lm at gas to liquid mass ratio (GLR) below 0.1. Lujaji et al [13] studied spray characteristics of bio-oil with ethanol blends using externally mixed air-assist nozzles. It was shown that SMD less than 100 lm can be achieved with 40% addition of ethanol to bio-oil at 30 SLPM atomization air flow rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar liquid volume fraction and SMD distribution of Jatropha vegetable oil spray: effect of ethanol blending and GLR

Kulkarni

Deshmukh

2019

Sādhanā

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This research paper presents the planar distribution of Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) and liquid volume fraction in airblast sprays of Jatropha vegetable oil. The effect of ethanol blending at different gas to liquid mass ratios (GLRs) is presented. The planar SMD distributions are obtained using Structured Laser Illumination and Planar Imaging-Laser Sheet Drop sizing (SLIPI-LSD) and Particle/droplet Imaging Analysis (PDIA) techniques. The straight vegetable oil (SVO) spray showed poor atomization at GLR 1, which rose with increasing GLR. The blending of ethanol significantly improved the atomization of SVO even at GLR 1 condition. The liquid volume fraction distribution increased with higher GLR and with the increase in the percentage of ethanol in the blend. The impact of the increase in ethanol on drop size is small at GLR of 5. The E30 blend showed uniformly distributed liquid in the spray plane with uniform SMD distribution in the range of 50 lm at GLR 5.

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“…Atomization and cavitation are the two important approaches to generating droplets [3][4][5]. Owing to the smaller droplets size, larger coverage of droplets, and wider applicability, the excellent performance of atomizing technology has motivated intensive studies in many fields [6][7][8][9]. However, the spray process of a twin-fluid nozzle involves multiphase coupling, dynamic changing, evaporation, and condensation, which have great influence on the stability and uniformity of droplets in the spray field and the atomizing efficiency of the twin-fluid nozzle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Self-excited Vibrating Cavity Structure on Droplet Diameter Characteristics of Twin-fluid Nozzle

Chen

Gao

et al. 2018

Chin. J. Mech. Eng.

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It is a great challenge to find effective atomizing technology for reducing industrial pollution; the twin-fluid atomizing nozzle has drawn great attention in this field recently. Current studies on twin-fluid nozzles mainly focus on droplet breakup and single droplet characteristics. Research relating to the influences of structural parameters on the droplet diameter characteristics in the flow field is scarcely available. In this paper, the influence of a self-excited vibrating cavity structure on droplet diameter characteristics was investigated. Twin-fluid atomizing tests were performed by a self-built open atomizing test bench, which was based on a phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA). The atomizing flow field of the twin-fluid nozzle with a self-excited vibrating cavity and its absence were tested and analyzed. Then the atomizing flow field of the twin-fluid nozzle with different self-excited vibrating cavity structures was investigated. The experimental results show that the structural parameters of the self-excited vibrating cavity had a great effect on the breakup of large droplets. The Sauter mean diameter (SMD) increased with the increase of orifice diameter or orifice depth. Moreover, a smaller orifice diameter or orifice depth was beneficial to enhancing the turbulence around the outlet of nozzle and decreasing the SMD. The atomizing performance was better when the orifice diameter was 2.0 mm or the orifice depth was 1.5 mm. Furthermore, the SMD increased first and then decreased with the increase of the distance between the nozzle outlet and self-excited vibrating cavity, and the SMD of more than half the atomizing flow field was under 35 μm when the distance was 5.0 mm. In addition, with the increase of axial and radial distance from the nozzle outlet, the SMD and arithmetic mean diameter (AMD) tend to increase. The research results provide some design parameters for the twin-fluid nozzle, and the experimental results could serve as a beneficial supplement to the twin-fluid nozzle study.

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Spray atomization of bio-oil/ethanol blends with externally mixed nozzles

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Ultrasonic-Assisted Upgrading of the Heavy Bio-Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Pine Nut Shells with Methanol and Octanol Solvents

Ultrasonic-Assisted Upgrading of the Heavy Bio-Oil Obtained from Pyrolysis of Pine Nut Shells with Methanol and Octanol Solvents

Planar liquid volume fraction and SMD distribution of Jatropha vegetable oil spray: effect of ethanol blending and GLR

Influence of Self-excited Vibrating Cavity Structure on Droplet Diameter Characteristics of Twin-fluid Nozzle

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