Spray atomization characteristics as a function of pesticide formulations and atomizer design

The influence of the extensional viscosity of very low concentrations of high molecular mass water‐soluble polymers on atomisation and droplet impact

“…During atomisation of agrochemical formulations, the role of the polymer is to minimise the proportion of droplets produced below a critical size and hence reduce spray drift 3, 4. Many studies have been performed to determine the important parameters responsible.…”

Application of rape pod sealants to reduce adverse environmental impacts

“…One option to minimize drift is by using spray additives that increase the spray droplet size , . Correct selection of the class of surfactants and concentrations can significantly reduce the potential risk of drift in agricultural sprayings .…”

“…33 One option to minimize drift is by using spray additives that increase the spray droplet size. 20,21 Correct selection of the class of surfactants and concentrations can significantly reduce the potential risk of drift in agricultural sprayings. 34 Whereas the experimental PS contains a surfactant (polyether-polysiloxane copolymer) that reduces droplet surface tension, the spectrum of droplets released from the nozzle contains more droplets of a larger diameter that are more resistant to drift ( Table 2).…”

“…Spray drift is described as one of the major concerns in terms of protecting the environment , . One way to minimize drift is the use of spray additives that increase the spray droplet size, because droplets less than 100 μm in size take a horizontal trajectory in a very short time and evaporate very rapidly. Tests have shown that, in certain cases, drift control additives may reduce downwind drift deposits by 50–80%…”

Racionalización de las aplicaciones de productos fitosanitarios para el control de Aonidiella aurantii Maskell (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) en cítiricos.

“…This is most likely to be the explanation for the differences in the deposition pattern between water and the other solutions. Other authors have also observed how different formulations affect deposition pattern (Akesson and Gibbs, 1990;Bouse et al, 1990;Akesson et al, 1994;Butler-Ellis et al, 1997).…”