SpoVG Is Necessary for Sporulation in Bacillus anthracis

Chen, Meng; Lyu, Yufei; Feng, Erling; Zhu, Li; Pan, Chao; Wang, Dongshu; Liu, Xiankai; Wang, Hengliang

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8040548

Cited by 13 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Further, we determined the spore yield ratio and found Δ spoVG mutant could not produce mature spores (Table S2 ). Our results were quite in accord with recent report of Chen et al [ 4 ] that in Bacillus anthracis , whose spoVG deletion mutant completely lost sporulation ability and it could not form an asymmetric septum. Therefore, it was concluded that SpoVG protein may play an important role in regulating sporulation of B. cereus 0–9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sporulation of B. subtilis has been divided into so-called “stages” 0 to VII using electron microscopy. In the B. cereus group (which includes Bacillus anthracis ), sporulation is comparable to that in B. subtilis , but there are some differences between different strains [ 4 ]. For example, spore-coat assembly begins at the mother-cell-proximal pole of the forespore in B. subtilis , whereas coat material first appears on the long axis of the forespore in B. anthracis and B. cereus [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SpoVG was initially identified in B. subtilis and is involved in sporulation via an unknown mechanism [ 18 , 19 ], although a recent report indicates that SpoVG is a pleiotropic regulatory factor in sporulation [ 4 ]. The spoVG gene is highly conserved in bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SpoVG is an important regulator of sporulation and affects biofilm formation by regulating Spo0A transcription in Bacillus cereus 0–9

et al. 2021

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Background Bacillus cereus 0–9, a Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from healthy wheat roots in our previous research, is considered to be an effective biocontrol strain against several soil-borne plant diseases. SpoVG, a regulator that is broadly conserved among many Gram-positive bacteria, may help this organism coordinate environmental growth and virulence to survive. This study aimed to explore the multiple functions of SpoVG in B. cereus 0–9. Methods The gene knockout strains were constructed by homologous recombination, and the sporulation process of B. cereus 0–9 and its mutants were observed by fluorescence staining method. We further determined the spore yields and biofilm formation abilities of test strains. Transcriptional fusion strains were constructed by overlapping PCR technique, and the promoter activity of the target gene was detected by measuring its fluorescence intensity. The biofilm production and colonial morphology of B. cereus 0–9 and its mutants were determined to study the functions of the target genes, and the transcription level of the target gene was determined by qRT-PCR. Results According to observation of the sporulation process of B. cereus 0–9 in germination medium, SpoVG is crucial for regulating sporulation stage V of B. cereus 0–9, which is identical to that of Bacillus subtilis but differs from that of Bacillus anthracis. In addition, SpoVG could influence biofilm formation of B. cereus 0–9. The transcription levels of two genes closely related to biofilm-formation, sipW and calY, were downregulated in a ΔspoVG mutant. The role of SpoVG in regulating biofilm formation was further explored by deleting the genes abrB and sinR in the ΔspoVG mutant, respectively, generating the double mutant strains ΔspoVGΔabrB and ΔspoVGΔsinR. The phenotypes of these double mutants were congruent with those of the single abrB and sinR deletion strains, respectively, which showed increased biofilm formation. This indicated that spoVG was located upstream of abrB and sinR in the regulatory pathway of B. cereus biofilm formation. Further, the results of qRT-PCR and the luminescence intensity of transcriptional fusion strains indicated that spoVG gene deletion could inhibit the transcription of Spo0A. Conclusions SpoVG, an important regulator in the sporulation of B. cereus, is located upstream of Spo0A and participates in regulation of biofilm formation of B. cereus 0–9 through regulating the transcription level of spo0A. Sporulation and biofilm formation are crucial mechanisms by which bacteria respond to adverse conditions. SpoVG is therefore an important regulator of Spo0A and is crucial for both sporulation and biofilm formation of B. cereus 0–9. This study provides a new insight into the regulatory mechanism of environmental adaptation in bacteria and a foundation for future studies on biofilm formation of B. cereus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SpoVG is an important regulator of sporulation and affects biofilm formation by regulating Spo0A transcription in Bacillus cereus 0–9

et al. 2021

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“…SpoVG is also involved in haemolytic activity caused by B. subtilis [119]. Recently, it was also shown to be essential for the formation of B. anthracis spores, which consist the infectious form of this bacterium [118]. The absence of SpoVG completely impaired its sporulation capabilities, with the inhibition occurring before the asymmetric division step, indicating that the B. anthracis SpoVG has a different role than it does in B. subtilis [118].…”

Section: The Role Of Atypical Rna-binding Proteins Regulating Adaptive Responses In Gram-positive Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of RNA‐binding proteins in mediating adaptive responses in Gram‐positive bacteria

Christopoulou

Granneman

2021

The FEBS Journal

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Bacteria are constantly subjected to stressful conditions, such as antibiotic exposure, nutrient limitation and oxidative stress. For pathogenic bacteria, adapting to the host environment, escaping defence mechanisms and coping with antibiotic stress are crucial for their survival and the establishment of a successful infection. Stress adaptation relies heavily on the rate at which the organism can remodel its gene expression programme to counteract the stress. RNA-binding proteins mediating co-and post-transcriptional regulation have recently emerged as important players in regulating gene expression during adaptive responses. Most of the research on these layers of gene expression regulation has been done in Gram-negative model organisms where, thanks to a wide variety of global studies, large posttranscriptional regulatory networks have been uncovered. Unfortunately, our understanding of post-transcriptional regulation in Gram-positive bacteria is lagging behind. One possible explanation for this is that many proteins employed by Gram-negative bacteria are not well conserved in Grampositives. And even if they are conserved, they do not always play similar roles as in Gram-negative bacteria. This raises the important question whether Gram-positive bacteria regulate gene expression in a significantly different way. The goal of this review was to discuss this in more detail by reviewing the role of well-known RNA-binding proteins in Gram-positive bacteria and by highlighting their different behaviours with respect to some of their Gram-negative counterparts. Finally, the second part of this review introduces several unusual RNA-binding proteins of Gram-positive species that we believe could also play an important role in adaptive responses.

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“…B. anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax and can manifest in four ways, namely: cutaneous, inhalation, gastrointestinal or injectable (Hagan et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2020). B. cereus causes foodborne diseases, such as gastrointestinal, diarrhea and emesis (Yu et al, 2019;Huang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Gram-positive Bacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Mechanisms to Antimicrobial Peptides in Gram-Positive Bacteria

et al. 2020

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With the alarming increase of infections caused by pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria over the last decades, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been investigated as a potential treatment for those infections, directly through their lytic effect or indirectly, due to their ability to modulate the immune system. There are still concerns regarding the use of such molecules in the treatment of infections, such as cell toxicity and host factors that lead to peptide inhibition. To overcome these limitations, different approaches like peptide modification to reduce toxicity and peptide combinations to improve therapeutic efficacy are being tested. Human defense peptides consist of an important part of the innate immune system, against a myriad of potential aggressors, which have in turn developed different ways to overcome the AMPs microbicidal activities. Since the antimicrobial activity of AMPs vary between Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, so do the bacterial resistance arsenal. This review discusses the mechanisms exploited by Gram-positive bacteria to circumvent killing by antimicrobial peptides. Specifically, the most clinically relevant genera, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Gram-positive bacilli, have been explored.

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SpoVG Is Necessary for Sporulation in Bacillus anthracis

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

SpoVG is an important regulator of sporulation and affects biofilm formation by regulating Spo0A transcription in Bacillus cereus 0–9

SpoVG is an important regulator of sporulation and affects biofilm formation by regulating Spo0A transcription in Bacillus cereus 0–9

The role of RNA‐binding proteins in mediating adaptive responses in Gram‐positive bacteria

Resistance Mechanisms to Antimicrobial Peptides in Gram-Positive Bacteria

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