“…Qualitative studies and clinical case reviews describe a collection of symptoms experienced by SSAs, including anxiety, depression, anger, rage, obsessive thoughts and compulsive checking behaviors, difficulty concentrating, increased isolation, and hyper-vigilance (Bergner & Bridges, 2002;Carnes, 1991;Milrad, 1999). In the literature, the behaviors of compulsive checking, emotional numbing, rage or increased isolation are viewed as maladaptive and signs of the SSA's own addictive tendencies and loss of self, and are often labeled as co-addictive behaviors (Carnes, 1991(Carnes, , 1987Cermak, 1986;Corley & Schneider, 2002;Crawford, Hueppelsheuser, & George, 1996;Ferree, 2002;Matheny, 1998;Milrad, 1999;S-Anon, 2003;Schneider et al, 1998;Schneider, 1991;Weiss & DeBusk, 1993).…”